| As one of the latest organizational forms of contemporary audiences,Fanquan shows strong organizational mobilization ability,collaborative action ability,and ideological tendency to attach importance to emotional experience and indifference to value meaning in cultural practices such as digital labor and offline support,and has become a typical representative of multicultural circles.The cultural practice of Fanquan can bring considerable emotional energy to its members in a short period of time due to its strong ritualistic color.Because it is easy to copy,it can overflow the cultural and entertainment field and spread to all directions of social life,which has a profound impact on the mobilization mode,organization mode and behavior mode of contemporary youth.In the long run,when the younger generation with stronger fan attributes become the mainstay with intergenerational changes,the Fanquan mode of thinking,action logic and cultural practice will have a far-reaching impact on the development of mainstream culture and society.However,the current academic researches on the Fanquan culture mostly take the negative impact of Fanquan chaos on mainstream culture and even social development as the starting point,focusing on the description,criticism and governance of Fanquan chaos,while there is little systematic and in-depth investigation and analysis on the members of Fanquan as the actor of the Fanquan cultural practices.In fact,if we want to further explore the interaction mechanism between the Fanquan culture and the mainstream society,we have to seriously examine members of Fanquan behind the chaos.Therefore,based on the relevant theories of fandom research and identity research,this study attempts to explain the identity construction process and results of Fanquan,so as to provide reference for understanding the friction between the Fanquan culture and mainstream culture and clarifying the interactive relationship between Fanquan and mainstream society.In this study,50 members of Fanquan were selected as research samples by means of snowball sampling and purposeful random sampling,and then their communication and interaction on Sina Weibo,Douban,Zhihu,Bilibili and other online media platforms were recorded through non-participatory observation,so as to outline the general outline of Fanquan on this basis.Finally,an in-depth interview was used to conduct a dialogue with the research samples,and carefully examine the psychological mechanism of their integration into Fanquan,the management and operation mode within Fanquan,the organization and development strategies of the support action,the participation in social affairs outside the Fanquan,and the resulting emotional experience and behavior pattern.This article firstly reviews the evolution of Chinese pop culture fan groups taking the popularity of Super Girl,the rise of domestic idol industrial capital,and the development of new media as the key nodes.The emergence of Super Girl has made the groupies who used to follow behind the stars become fans who have a certain decision-making power in the process of making stars.After copying the concept of the Japanese cultivation system and the Korean trainee system,the domestic idol industry capital launched a local "idol" focusing on "personality",creating idols with stronger commodity attributes for fans.In addition,the development of online media platforms has provided fans with an activity field that is not limited by time and space.Social media platforms represented by Sina Weibo have conspired with idol industrial capital to confine fan groups through digital labor and offline support,and discipline them into Fanquan with clear structure and strong closure.Then,the self-identity construction process of Fanquan members is discussed from three aspects: the psychological mechanism of Fanquan members,the initiation and result of the Fanquan support rituals,and the production and use of the Fanquan discourse.For individual fans,in the process of star chasing,taking idols as mirrors,models and Fanquan as attribution,psychological action mechanisms such as psychological projection,social learning and compensation have been generated to meet the needs of individual fans for self realization and intimate relationship,so as to confirm the membership of Fanquan.Cultural practice activities such as digital labor and offline support in Fanquan have met the characteristics of interactive rituals,accumulated high emotional energy for members of Fanquan,and built a clear self-identity.However,the term of Fanquan formed in the cultural practice of Fanquan,with its economical and labor-saving,vivid image and hidden and exclusive characteristics,has prompted the formation of an independent discourse power order within Fanquan,which separates the interference and infiltration of external groups,and is also of great significance to the construction of members’ self-identity.Fanquan,which often advertises itself as "self-entertainment in enclosure",is inevitably inextricably linked with others due to the transitional property of cultural practice.Therefore,the identity of Fanquan members not only should be observed at a personal level,but also needs to be studied from the social level.In the fourth chapter,this study explains the comparison and interaction between Fanquan group and idols,other cultural circles and other communities within the society,showing the social identity construction process of Fanquan members.In the contract with idols,the members of Fanquan can be "girlfriend fans",“mother fans” and "career fans".In comparison with multicultural circles,Fanquan is a popular representative with distinctive characteristics among minority cultural groups,and it is a cultural symbol that all parties are eager to appropriate.In social and public affairs,Fanquan is the fans organization that both compromises and resists the idol industry,a fans nationalist that merges with online nationalism,and a social self-organization that emerges in the social collaborative governance model.By investigating the process and method of constructing self-identity and social identity in Fanquan,this study believes that the increasingly out-of-the-circle interest group is the identity cognition of Fanquan,which is accompanied by emotional experience of pleasure,belonging and achievement,as well as the voluntary behavior pattern restricted by economic capital and social capital.Driven by various social symptoms,this kind of identity construction path and result has continuously penetrated into various fields such as social economy,culture and political life by virtue of the characteristics of low cost,easy replication and high emotional energy,forming the Fanquan effect.The implementation of the special action of "Cleaning up the chaos of Fanquan" has stopped the chaos of Fanquan spreading with Fanquan effect,and the identity of Fanquan will interact with the mainstream society in a new face after this action.It is worth emphasizing that most fans of Fanquan always follow the values consistent with mainstream society in their lives and play a social role recognized by mainstream society.When facing a wider range of interpersonal activities,the identity of Fanquan can not be the basis for the mainstream society to judge it.In the face of the negative impact of Fanquan culture on young people,especially minors,the public and the media often tend to turn social problems into Fanquan.This is actually the thinking pattern of regarding Fanquan as "deviants" under the traditional subculture theory,ignoring the diversity of the membership of Fanquan and the diversity within Fanquan.The Fanquan is one of the symbols attached to contemporary people,which does not mean complete trust and belonging.Rather than crazy support actions indicating a series of social problems caused by Fanquan,it is better to say that the cultural practice of Fanquan is the cultural representation of some social problems.In future research,we not only need to understand the intergenerational characteristics of Internet thinking and youth groups,but also need to take into account Chinese demographic structure,consumption patterns and changes in social trends of thought,and minimize the negative impact of Fanquan culture by improving social coordinated governance mechanisms. |
