Research On The Impact Of Spatial Agglomeration On China’s Manufacturing Export

The institutional dividend of economic reform and opening-up policy has accelerated the process of becoming a "Manufacturing Nation" and promoted the rapid growth of manufacturing exports in China.However,in recent years,affected by the severe situation of external trade friction and the rising cost of internal factors of production,the export of manufacturing industry is facing the situation that the traditional comparative advantage is weakening and the new competitive advantage has not yet formed.How to further excavate the growth potential of manufacturing export,effectively guide the rational layout of manufacturing industry,and gradually cultivate new competitive advantages of export is still an urgent problem to be solved in the development of China’s foreign trade.Previous studies have shown that spatial agglomeration,as an important means to deeply excavate the domestic market,can produce positive external influence such as refining division of labor,technology spillover and communication spillover,and effectively promote the steady growth of manufacturing exports and the optimization of export structure.In the critical period of China’s economy from high-speed growth to high-quality growth,it is of great practical significance to study the impact of spatial agglomeration on manufacturing exports for high-quality develpoment of foreign trade.This paper starts from the perspective of spatial agglomeration,analyzes the influence effect and mechanism of spatial agglomeration on manufacturing export,illustrates the development trend and structural characteristics of spatial agglomeration and manufacturing export by using factual data,and constructs an empirical analysis model to verify the theoretical mechanism.Based on the analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:Current situation analysis:(1)At present,China’s manufacturing exports are still in the primary stage of the transformation from the traditional "quantitative" growth model to the "quality" growth.There are two structural problems in manufacturing exports:Firstly,high-tech industries still rely on processing trade to a large extent,which is far more dependent than medium-tech industries and low-tech industries.The value added and technical content of the products still have a large room for improvement.Secondly,the export of China’s manufacturing industry is dominated by Chinese Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan-invested and foreign-invested enterprises to a large extent,and the export competitive advantage and status of domestic enterprises still need to be further strengthened.(2)There is a close internal relationship between manufacturing spatial agglomeration and export,which is not only similar in the overall development trend,but also highly consistent in the level of spatial structure characteristics.While the degree of spatial agglomeration remains high,the export of manufacturing industry is also in a period of rapid growth,and the export and spatial agglomeration of manufacturing industry show a typical spatial distribution characteristics of "the eastern region is more concentrated,followed by the central region,and the western region is the lowest".Theoretical analysis:(1)The impact of spatial agglomeration on export scale is not only denpend on the expansion of export scale caused by "scale effect",but also depend on the decline of export scale caused by "crowding effect".The total effect depends on the trade-off between the two.When the degree of spatial agglomeration is relatively low,its impact on manufacturing exports will increase with the deepening of the degree of spatial agglomeration.At this time,the "scale effect" plays a leading role,and spatial agglomeration has a positive role in promoting the expansion of manufacturing exports.However,due to the existence of "crowding effect",the marginal effect of this effect will decrease.When the degree of spatial agglomeration further rises,the vicious competition among enterprises and the rising factor cost appear,and the "crowding effect" gradually takes the leading role,and the spatial agglomeration has a certain negative impact on the export scale.(2)Spatial agglomeration can optimize the export structure of China’s manufacturing industry to a certain extent,and it plays the most important role in promoting the export of China’s high-tech manufacturing industry.This is mainly due to the high-tech manufacturing industry in China has a higher degree of spatial agglomeration and higher degree of export-orientation.Compared with other types of manufacturing industry,spatial agglomeration has more obvious promotion effect on the export of high-tech manufacturing industry in China,thus optimize the export structure of China’s manufacturing industry.(3)The communication spillover,technology spillover,division of labor refinement and industrial correlation effect brought by spatial agglomeration can not only ease the financing constraints of enterprises,improve the overall export scale of manufacturing industry through financial externality mechanism,but also promote the technical level of specific regions or industries,and promote the export scale of manufacturing industry through technical externality mechanism.Empirical analysis:(1)spatial agglomeration has a typical "inverted U" nonlinear effect on manufacturing exports,which shows that the impact of spatial agglomeration on manufacturing exports depends on the trade-off between "scale effect" and "crowding effect",which verifies the conclusion of theoretical analysis.(2)Spatial agglomeration can not only expand the export scale of manufacturing industry,but also optimize the export structure to a certain extent.The improvement of spatial agglomeration level has the greatest positive effect on the export of middle-tech manufacturing industry,which is significantly higher than that of medium tech and low tech manufacturing industry.(3)Spatial agglomeration can promote the increase of manufacturing export scale through financial externality.In the industries with high external financing dependence,the positive effect of spatial agglomeration on manufacturing export is greater,and the influence mechanism of financial externality has the largest effect in high-tech industries and the eastern region.(4)Spatial agglomeration can enhance the total factor productivity of the industry through technological externality,and has a positive impact on the export of manufacturing industry.In the industries with high total factor productivity,spatial agglomeration plays a more significant role in promoting the export scale of manufacturing industry.And the influence mechanism of technological externality plays the most obvious role in the middle technology industry and the eastern region.Based on the content and conclusion of the paper,this paper puts forward specific policy suggestions to promote the steady growth of manufacturing export and the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing foreign trade from two dimensions of government and enterprise.At the government level,the first is to formulate relevant incentive policies;the second is to build exchange platform;the third is to optimize the financial market environment;the fourth is to improve the technical level of the industry.At the enterprise level,the first is to cultivate the ability of independent innovation;the second is to strengthen the brand effect;the third is to actively explore overseas markets.