Research On Compiling Method And Application Of The R&D Satellite Account

As the wing of science and technology innovation and the soul of national strength,Research and Development(R&D)is the "core variable" that reshapes the world’s political,economic and scientific landscape.Throughout the evolution of R&D development in the world,a multi-dimensional innovation ecology has been formed based on R&D activities,R&D products and R&D industries.Due to its significant investment nature,the System of National Accounts 2008(SNA2008),based on extensive research by accounting experts in several countries,has adjusted its approach to accounting for R&D activities to account for R&D expenditure that generates economic benefits for owners as "fixed capital formation".As a result,more than40 countries,including China,have reformed their R&D accounting methods and revised the historical size and growth rate of GDP retrospectively.However,revisions based on GDP alone cannot provide a complete picture of the basic production of R&D activities from "inputs" to "outputs"(including both physical and value measurement levels),cannot systematically reveal the flow of R&D products in the national economy,and cannot delve into the flow of R&D products in the national economy.It is necessary to further expand the research horizon by constructing an R&D Satellite Account(R&DSA).Unfortunately,there is a lack of systematic theoretical and methodological research on the compilation of R&D satellite accounts,and international practice on the compilation of R&D satellite accounts still appears to be too fragmented and haphazard.As the second largest economy in China,the Party Central Committee has made the major decision to implement the innovation-driven development strategy in the face of the changing trends and characteristics of the new normal of economic development.Undoubtedly,innovation resources,typified by R&D,have become the key driving force of China’s high-quality economic development.The timely quantitative monitoring and panoramic presentation of innovation activities and the timely formation of a clear understanding and dynamic grasp of the construction level of its own innovation capacity are considered important prerequisites for the effective promotion of the innovation-driven development strategy.In the context of the lack of a theoretical system and the urgent need of the real situation,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the theory and methodology of R&D satellite accounts,design the framework of R&D satellite accounts in the Chinese context and start the practice of compiling them.This paper follows the logic of "theoretical elaboration → methodological design →experience discussion → practice in China",and systematically discusses the basic issues of R&D satellite account compilation,form design and difficulties in compilation,so as to structure the theoretical and methodological system of R&D satellite account compilation.At the same time,we analyse the R&D satellite accounts compilation practices of representative countries and extract the perspective,ideas and operational details of the compilation of R&D satellite accounts in each country,so as to extract feasible experiences that can be followed by China.Based on this,the practice of compiling China’s R&D satellite accounts is carried out at three levels: key sectoral R&D satellite accounts,internal R&D satellite accounts and external R&D satellite accounts.A total of 115 tables(40theoretical and 75 actual tables)are used to systematically present an overall picture of China’s R&D satellite accounts.The text is divided into eight chapters:Chapter 1 is Introduction.This chapter firstly describes the research background and significance of the thesis,and then compares the existing literature from two aspects of satellite accounts and R&D satellite accounts,accordingly proposes the research content,framework and methodology,and points out the innovation and shortcomings of the research.Chapter 2 is the study on the foundations of R&D satellite account preparation.Starting from the four major international guidelines and standards such as the Frascati Manual,the Manual for Measuring Intellectual Property Products,the System of National Accounts and the International Accounting Standards,this chapter firstly clarifies the meaning and characteristics of R&D activities,and then classifies R&D activities based on the perspective of subject,object and subject-object interaction,so as to clarify the basic concepts for the construction of R&D satellite accounts.Secondly,the flow of R&D activities in the national economy is analysed from two dimensions: product flow and value flow,and R&D satellite accounts are defined at three levels: key sector,endogenous and exogenous,according to the classification of satellite accounts.Finally,the logical relationship between the three levels of R&D satellite accounts and the central framework is explored in depth,laying a theoretical foundation for the compilation of R&D satellite accounts.Chapter 3 is Systematic structure and difficulties in preparing R&D satellite accounts.In line with the fact that R&D satellite account has three levels of understanding and refined definitions,this chapter develops a theoretical architecture for the systematisation of R&D satellite accounts around three levels: key sector,endogenous and exogenous.In the course of the discussion,we structure the account formulations of the key sectoral R&D satellite accounts in terms of activities,products and industries,the internal R&D satellite accounts in terms of R&D capitalisation,and the external R&D satellite accounts in terms of the externalities of R&D activities.The chapter also explains the methodologies and technical difficulties in the compilation of each account form,setting out a theoretical framework for the systematic compilation of R&D satellite accounts.Chapter 4 is International practices in the development of R&D satellite accounts.This chapter is dedicated to the in-depth analysis of the international practice of compiling R&D satellite accounts in nine representative countries,examining the differences between the five types of international basic tables: R&D bridging table,R&D supply use table,R&D capital formation table,R&D capital stock table and R&D capitalisation impact table,in terms of table design,item setting,compilation The purpose of this study is to identify the differences between the five types of international basic tables in terms of their design,item setting and details,and to extract from them empirically proven practices that are valuable for the development of a theoretical framework,so as to lay the foundation for the development of an internal R&D satellite account.Chapter 5 is the study on the compilation of key sector R&D satellite accounts.This chapter is devoted to compiling the sequence of China’s key sectors R&D satellite accounts.In the specific research,key sectors R&D is defined from three dimensions of "activity,product and industry",and the innovation and reconstruction of the classification system of R&D industry are emphasized.Data based on a statistical basis of R&D,formulation of the R&D spending table series,R&D activities personnel input table series,R&D intensity of resource allocation table series,scale sequence with products R&D,R&D product value scale,R&D input and output efficiency table sequences,so as to complete the activity and product key departments R&DSA two dimensions of practice.Finally,an R&D inputoutput table from the perspective of the "four divisions" and an "18-sector input-output table" incorporating R&D core industries are compiled with the help of input-output tables,thus completing the practice of compiling key sectoral R&DSAs at the industry level.At the same time,based on the results of the industry-level R&D satellite accounts,the total output and value added of the R&D industry are derived,and the economic and technological links between the R&D industry and other industries in the national economy are examined.Chapter 6 is the study on the compilation of internal R&D satellite accounts.This chapter is devoted to compiling the sequence of China’s internal R&D satellite accounts.Based on the detailed description of R&D activities in the national economic cycle,the R&D bridge table sequence,the R&D supply and use table sequence,the R&D capital formation table sequence,the R&D capital stock table(including the R&D capital service)sequence,the R&D capitalization impact table sequence,the R&D investment intensity table are compiled.Thus,a complete research chain of R&D products,R&D investment and R&D capital accumulation is connected in series.In the specific research,on the one hand,the research dimension was expanded,and the internal R&DSA sequence compilation results were presented from the economic overall,regional and industry levels.On the other hand,focusing on the property of R&D capital,taking the perpetual inventory method as the starting point,integrating the property of production and wealth of R&D capital into a unified measurement framework,a comprehensive measurement method of R&D capital stock is proposed,which expands the compilation result of R&D capital stock table.In addition,this chapter tries to compile endogenous R&DSA with Chinese characteristics,such as the R&D investment intensity table which can make up the insufficiency of R&D investment intensity to innovation monitoring.Chapter 7 is the study on the compilation of external R&D satellite accounts.This chapter is devoted to compiling the sequence of China’s external R&D satellite accounts.After the basic connotation of R&D capital spillover is clarified,on the one hand,the forward multiplier and backward multiplier theory are combined with the multi-region input-output model,and the measure method of R&D capital spillover under the dual dimensions of industry and region is proposed,and the contributor effect table sequence and beneficiary effect table sequence of R&D capital spillover are compiled.This paper presents the external spillover effects of R&D activities from the dual dimensions of region and industry,and completes the preparation of static R&D spillover table.On the other hand,taking the education industry with the most significant R&D spillover effect as an example,the dynamic R&D capital spillover table sequence of 30 regional higher education sectors is compiled to describe the external spillover effect of R&D activities.Furthermore,the spatial network characteristics of R&D spillover effect in higher education sector are revealed by using social network analysis method.Chapter 8 is Conclusions and outlook of the study.This chapter summarises the main conclusions of the full text and indicates the main directions for future research.