Political Economic Analysis Of The Belt And Road Under The Background Of Reverse Economic Globalization

Economic globalization is an important feature of the contemporary world economy.Economic globalization in recent decades has become an important source for the development of the global economy.However,in recent years,the wave of reverse economic globalization set off by developed western countries represented by the United States has been rising one after another,casting a shadow over the in-depth advancement of economic globalization.The direction of economic globalization has become a hot topic with widespread concern by scholars at home and abroad.Although scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of valuable research from different perspectives on the current phenomenon,essence and future trend of economic globalization.However,scholars have not yet formed a consensus on this controversial issue.What is the essence of reverse economic globalization? Will the reverse economic globalization continue to develop? Will economic globalization collapse?What is the future of economic globalization? Is there a logical relationship between the Belt and Road initiative and the reverse economic globalization? If so,what kind of logical relationship is it? These problems have important theoretical and practical significance.These theoretical puzzles and problems have not been completely clarified and solved,and they urgently need to be further clarified and solved.Therefore,it is necessary to probe into the theory to find the root of the problem,and then explore the possible solutions.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of these questions from the perspective of Marxist political economy,and further clarifies and analyzes from a theoretical level.This paper uses dialectical materialism and historical materialism,which are the fundamental methods of Marxist political economy,as well as the method of contradiction analysis.The method theoretical logic is consistent with the historical process,a method that combines qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,abstract thinking and concrete analysis.It focuses on the specific development and evolution process of economic globalization and its internal logic and laws,the essence and trend of the phenomenon of reverse economic globalization,and the internal logical relationship between reverse economic globalization and the Belt and Road.The main points of this paper are as follows.From the perspective of the origin and development process of economic globalization,the in-depth development of economic globalization is an inevitable trend and inevitable result of the development of human social productivity and social interaction.According to the logic of the "Marx paradigm",globalization is endogenous in the development of productive forces.Furthermore,the fundamental driving force for the development of globalization lies in the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations.From a historical perspective,due to the "materialistic" of globalization,the rise and development of globalization is inevitable.The trend has historical inevitability,and is independent of anyone’s personal will.Capital has played the role as a "direct pusher" in the rise and development of economic globalization.From the very beginning,the development of economic globalization has been driven by the logic of capital constantly multiplying itself and chasing maximum profits in the process of movement.Therefore,the economic globalization so far has been a capitalist economic globalization.The continuous expansion of capital and the capitalist mode of production around the world directly promotes the development of economic globalization.On the one hand,this expansion promotes the development of economic globalization and brings huge profits to capital,but on the other hand the capitalist mode of production has been "copied" to the whole world,thus spreading the various inherent contradictions of capitalism to the whole world,and this spreading has also paved the way for the various difficulties in the governance of the global economy today,and eventually led to the emergence of the current reverse economic globalization phenomenon.In the development process of capitalism and economic globalization,the formation and development of new imperialism has strengthened the control and plunder of the global economy by monopoly capitalism,which has posed many challenges to global economic governance.The current global economic governance system is dominated and controlled by the new imperialism represented by the United States.It is a capitalist global economic governance,which essentially serves the international monopoly capitalist class.The underlying logic behind this type of governance is the logic of capital.The essence of the logic of capital,which is plunder and expansion,has consquently led to the dilemma of global economic governance.Besides the emergence of the increasingly violent phenomenon of reverse economic globalization has manifested and confirmed this dilemma.With the decline,extinction and end of the American neo-imperialism and the collective rise of the anti-hegemonic power system in the world,the global economic governance system will change to a more fair and just direction and a more balanced distribution of interests,so as to finally get out of the predicament.The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China has theoretically responded to the dilemma of global economic governance and demonstrated the reality of changing the global economic governance system at a practical level.In the practice of global economic governance,the Belt and Road initiative has promoted the reform of governance concepts and logic,promoted the formation of new international production relations,and achieved effective regulation of capital.The Belt and Road Initiative is one of the alternatives China provides for the global economic governance system.Its ultimate goal aims at building a community with a shared future for mankind.It embeds more advanced concepts,and its logic of win-win development goes beyond the traditional logic of capital with plundering.It surpasses the new imperialism represented by the United States.It fits in with the trend of historical development,has strong vitality,and can truly make it out of the current difficulties in the process of reforming the global economic governance system.From a superficial perspective,the current wave of reverse economic globalization that is emerging from developed western countries and spreading to the world is due to the fact that developed western countries,represented by the United States,are trying to maintain and consolidate their economic hegemony through a series of anti-globalization operations.However,in essence,there is a deeper reason behind it,that is,the constant intensification and outbreak of capitalist social contradictions.The intensification of the polarization between the rich and the poor in the western developed capitalist countries has led to the intensification of social class contradictions,the continuous economic transformation of the western developed capitalist countries from the virtual to the real has led to the continuous intensification of the contradiction between the real economy and the virtual economy,and the intensification of the contradiction between a few advanced western capitalist countries and the vast number of developing countries.The three constant developing contradictions provoke the emergence of the phenomenon of reverse economic globalization.However,the most fundamental reason lies in the intensification and outbreak of the basic contradiction in capitalist society—the contradiction between capitalist socialized large-scale production and the private ownership of the means of production.In essence,the logic of reverse economic globalization is still fundamentally the logic of capital.The capitalist class in the United States and other western developed countries hope to maintain their dominance over global economic governance through a series of operations reverse economic globalization,and continue to meet its needs to capture excess monopoly profits on a global scale.In essence,the dilemmas such as the reverse economic globalization that appear in the current global economic governance are an inevitable result of the global expansion and development of the capitalist economic globalization and the capitalist mode of production triggered and promoted by it,it is inescapable on its own.The complete escape of this dilemma can only be solved through the final change in the nature of economic globalization,that is,a gradual solution in the transition from a capitalist nature to a socialist nature.The Belt and Road initiative,which emerged from the logic of reverse economic globalization,is showing this transformation,and has played a positive role in promoting global economic governance out of the current predicament.The economic globalization driven by the logic of capital has deepened and intensified the contradiction between capital and labor.The phenomenon of reverse economic globalization accompanied by the contradiction has arisen,however,it has constantly "denied" its existence within itself.The current phenomenon of reverse economic globalization is essentially a denial of economic globalization driven by capital logic,however it just proves the historical inevitability of economic globalization.As a new type of economic globalization initiated by China,the Belt and Road Initiative adheres to the concepts of equality,cooperation and win-win,and always adheres to the principle of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits in practice,and is highly inclusive.The Belt and Road Initiative highlights the government’s effective regulation and guidance of capital,and realizes the sublation and transcendence of the economic globalization of the capitalist mode of production.It conforms to the trend of historical development and reflects the objective laws of the development of human society.Therefore,the Belt and Road endows with a strong vitality and a bright future.It will inevitably replace the economic globalization of the capitalist mode of production,and will eventually move towards the economic globalization of the communist mode of production,as the power balance between socialism and capitalism changes in the world.With the development of capitalist economic globalization,the contradiction between capital and labor has become increasingly acute as the gap between the rich and the poor has intensified,and at the same time,there are more and more internal factors that deny itself and become more and more unstoppable,which prepares the necessary material and class power conditions for the transformation of the nature of economic globalization from capitalism to socialism.The logic of the Belt and Road is inherent in the reverse economic globalization.It is a dialectical and negative development of economic globalization,a tortuous and spiraling development.As a new type of economic globalization,the Belt and Road Initiative is not so much a rectification of reverse economic globalization,but rather a sublation and transcendence of economic globalization based on neoliberalism.This transcendence is manifested in four dimensions: the dimension of promoting the subject;the dimension of benefit distribution;the dimension of international division of labor;the dimension of global economic governance.In the specific development practice of Belt and Road,it has promoted the transformation of the main body of economic globalization from capital to labor;it has promoted the formation of a more just and reasonable distribution of interests;it has shaped a more equal and just international division of labor;it aims to change the current unjust and unreasonable global economic governance system.Since its inception,the Belt and Road initiative has so far achieved fruitful development in the economic practice of China and many partners through consultation,co-construction and sharing.It has been supported and participated by more and more countries and international organizations,especially by the majority wide appreciation and support from developing countries.The Belt and Road not only shows its advanced nature and progress which is more in line with the historical trend than the capitalist economic globalization,but also proves its strong vitality and promising future.With the continuous advancement of the Belt and Road,economic globalization will continue to move forward with twists and turns,and its nature will gradually change from capitalism to socialism and finally to communism in this development.Based on the specific and in-depth research on the main issues such as the essence of the phenomenon of reverse economic globalization,this paper draws the following basic conclusions:(1)current phenomenon of reverse economic globalization is due to,first,the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie in the western developed capitalist countries;second,the contradiction between the real economy and the virtual economy in the western developed capitalist countries,third,the contradiction between a few western advanced capitalist countries and the vast developing countries continue to intensify.The fundamental reason is the deterioration and manisfiestation the contradiction between capitalist socialized large-scale production and the private ownership of means of production,which constitutes the fundamental contradiction in capitalist society.(2)Economic globalization,as the inevitable result of the development of human social productive forces and social interaction,has historical inevitability.Therefore,economic globalization will not collapse and come to an end,nor will reverse economic globalization continue to develop,and the reverse trend will eventually disappear completely in the dynamic development of economic globalization which capitalism will be replaced by socialism in nature.(3)The logic of the Belt and Road originates in the reverse economic globalization,which is a specific manifestation of dialectical negation from economic globalization.As a new type of economic globalization,the Belt and Road has realized the sublation and transcendence of the reverse economic globalization,and realized the promotion of capitalist economic globalization from four dimensions: the promotion of the main body,the distribution of interests,the international division of labor,and the global economic governance.