Studies On The Free Flow Of Factors,the Optimal Allocation Of Factors And The High-quality Transformation Of Chinese Enterprises’ Exports

China is in the stage of development from a large trading country to a strong trading country.In this stage of development,Chinese manufacturing enterprises will face the challenges brought about by the evolution of trade development methods and the transformation and upgrading of the global economy.In order to cope with these challenges,how can enterprises effectively use and allocate production factors,and on this basis,reducing the company’s dependence on "low-price,low-quality" export routes,and building a new advantage in high-quality exports is the key to achieving China’s plan to build a strong trading country.The flow and allocation of production factors are closely related to the government’s supply-side policies.Therefore,how to promote the free flow of production factors among enterprises and optimize the allocation of production factors through the government’s supply-side policy reforms to cultivate new export advantages of enterprises is a key issue that urgently needs to be studied.The flow and allocation of production factors are closely related to the government’s supply-side policies.Therefore,how to promote the free flow of production factors among enterprises and optimize the allocation of production factors through the government’s supply-side policy reforms to cultivate new export advantages of enterprises is a key issue that urgently needs to be studied.Although the existing theoretical and empirical studies have studied the impact of government policies on corporate exports from various angles,and have provided some useful insights.However,there is no systematic answer to the question of the impact of supply-side policies on the export quality of enterprises,especially how to evaluate the influence of China’s supply-side policies on the various dimensions of export quality of enterprises in recent years.In view of this,this article combines the current reality of China’s production factor flow,allocation and enterprise export development,refines the research on the new and new trade theory to the micro-level of production factors,and combines the export global value chain theory,financial development theory,and new and new trade theory.Geographical economics theory,government competition theory,and fiscal and taxation economic theory systematically analyze the impact of the free flow and optimal allocation of major production factors on the improvement of the export quality of Chinese enterprises,and put forward reasonable policy recommendations based on the above analysis results.Specifically,this article mainly studies the free flow of intermediate product elements,capital elements,and labor elements under supply-side policies,as well as the impact mechanism of production factor allocation resulting from the implementation of government transfer payment policies on the export quality of Chinese enterprises.Based on the analysis of the influence of the free flow of international intermediate goods elements on the status of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain,this article first constructs a new-new trade theoretical analysis framework on non-tariff trade barriers,free flow of imported intermediate goods and domestic value-added exports of enterprises.After clarifying the impact mechanism of the relaxation of non-tariff trade barriers on the domestic value-added exports of enterprises,this article regards the incident of the automatic import license system of the People’s Republic of China implemented in 2005 as a quasinatural experiment,and the empirical method of the difference in differences model is used to thoroughly investigate the impact of the relaxation of nontariff trade barriers on the added value of corporate exports.The study found that the relaxation of non-tariff trade barriers has a significant positive relationship with the increase of domestic value-added exports of enterprises,and the relaxation of non-tariff trade barriers will promote the increase of domestic value-added exports of enterprises by promoting the improvement of foreign intermediate quality imported by enterprises and promoting the progress of enterprise production technology.In addition,this article also found in the analysis of heterogeneity that the policy of relaxing non-tariff trade barriers has a greater effect on promoting the domestic value added of joint ventures and enterprises in coastal provinces.The free flow of capital elements can effectively alleviate the financing constraints of enterprises,but the long-term financing discrimination of small and medium-sized enterprises by local banks has prevented the free flow of capital elements among Chinese enterprises.In recent years,the central government has attached great importance to the problem of financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises,and has adopted a series of financial supply-side reforms to promote the free flow of capital elements.Therefore,this article takes China’s banking reform in 2009 as a quasinatural experiment,and uses a combination of difference in differences model and instrumental variable model to study the influence mechanism of banking competition on the quality of export products of China’s export enterprises.The study found that since the China Banking Regulatory Commission designated Resolution 143 in 2009 to relax restrictions on the establishment of joint-stock banks and local commercial banks in different places,the export quality of export companies in cities with foreign jointstock systems or commercial banks’ entry was significantly higher than that of non-local joint-stock banks.Or the export quality of export companies in the cities where commercial banks entered,and this conclusion is still valid when the instrumental variables are similar to exogenous.In addition,relatively speaking,the promotion of this banking competition is more pronounced in enterprises with higher capital intensity,higher production efficiency,imports of high-quality intermediate products,and export destinations mainly in high-income countries.The new-new geography theory emphasizes the positive impact of the free flow of labor elements across regions on the development of enterprises,but China’s unique household registration system has always had a strong restrictive effect on the flow of labor elements between regions.With the intensification of the adverse effects of labor mobility on the economy,in recent years,China’s local governments have implemented a series of household registration system reform policies to break the shackles of labor element mobility.The implementation of these household registration reform policies provides an opportunity for the analysis of this paper to adopt quasi-natural experimental methods.Based on this,This article puts forward the corresponding research hypothesis on the basis of combing the literature on the impact of the free flow of labor elements on enterprises in the new-new geographical economics in recent years,and uses a difference in differences model to analyze the impact mechanism of the policy of residence permits for migrants implemented by many cities in China in 2008 on the quality of the export products of enterprises in the cities that implement the policy.In the analysis,this article finds that the residence permit policy for the floating population has effectively promoted the improvement of the quality of the export products of enterprises,and this conclusion is still valid in the case of eliminating possible spillover effects,but the free flow of labor force exports to enterprises There is also a lag in the positive impact of product quality;and secondly,this article also finds that the free flow of labor promotes the improvement of the quality of enterprise export products through the intermediary channels that promote the optimization of enterprise employment structure and the improvement of labor productivity;finally,this article is different In the qualitative analysis,it is found that the free flow of labor has different effects on the promotion of the quality of export products of enterprises.Specifically,the free flow of labor has a greater impact on private enterprises and enterprises in labor-intensive industries.On the basis of analyzing the impact of the free flow of major production factors on the export quality of enterprises,this article further analyzes the influence of the government-led production factor allocation policy on the export quality of enterprises,especially the influence of the government’s transfer payment policy on the export quality of enterprises.Specifically,this article comprehensively analyzes the impact of the Chinese government’s transfer payment policy on the quality of export products and the competitiveness of enterprises’ production from two aspects of government subsidies and tax system reform.This article first studies the impact of government subsidies.When studying the impact of government subsidies,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of government subsidies,enterprise differential investment and enterprise market competitiveness on the basis of constructing a variable markup rate model with fixed substitution elasticity,and pointed out that the impact of government subsidies on the cost markup rate of Chinese enterprises mainly includes the cost effect of promoting the increase of cost markup rate and the competitive effect of reducing the cost markup rate.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper adopts the empirical method of propensity score matching model and multi-period difference in differences model to analyze the enterprise-level data from 2000 to 2007,this article finds that in China,the competitive effect of government subsidies is greater than the cost effect.Therefore,government subsidies have contributed to the fact that Chinese enterprises in the homogenization sector compete in the export market at low prices,which has resulted in the fact that China’s export enterprises have low-cost markup rates.In addition,this article also found that China’s government subsidies did not promote market-oriented R&D innovations,and the R&D innovations of Chinese government-subsidized companies did not promote the expansion of enterprise production scale.This shows that China’s government subsidies have mainly promoted companies’ Strategic innovation.China’s taxation system,especially the value-added tax system,also has an important impact on corporate investment and the allocation of production factors.This paper studies the impact mechanism of value-added tax reform on the quality of export products of enterprises under the theoretical analysis framework of the Kugler-Verhoogen enterprise export product quality determination paradigm,and on this basis,by using the incident of China’s implementation of the VAT pilot reform in the six major industries in Northeast China in 2004 as a quasi-natural experiment,this article analyzes the impact mechanism of the VAT reform on the quality of enterprise export products and whether the VAT reform is passed.The quality of export products of enterprises affects the competitiveness of enterprises’ production and other issues.Through the analysis of China’s manufacturing data from2001 to 2008,this article finds that the value-added tax reform implemented by the six major industries in Northeast China has mainly achieved the improvement of the quality of enterprise export products through the channels of enterprise technological progress and the improvement of enterprise labor skills;and despite the value-added tax The reform has not promoted the improvement of the production competitiveness of enterprises,but the value-added tax reform has promoted the improvement of the production competitiveness of enterprises through the channels of promoting the quality of export products of enterprises.