Study Of Probabilistic Teleportation Via The Non-maximum Entangled Quantum Channel

Quantum teleportation is a process which a qubit (the basic unit of quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another through the inter-vening space. Here, the qubit carried the information can be abstracted from a fixed carrier. Quantum teleportation has many specific characters, as a mirac-ulous phenomenon in quantum information technology distinguished with the classical information theory. It does not transport the system itself, nor does it allow communication of information at superluminal (faster than light) speed. Neither does it concern rearranging the particles of a macroscopic object to copy the form of another object. So it is very useful for quantum communication and computation. Therefore, since C.H. Bennett made the first proposal of quantum teleportation in 1993, the analysis of many kinds of the schemes of quantum tele-portation has become a hot issue in the development of quantum communication technology.In recent years, the quantum teleportation based on a non-maximally entan-gled states with continuous variable have drawn the theoretical and experimental physicists'attention. On the one hand, many kinds of new schemes of quantum teleportation via the non-maximal entangled state have been proposed and im-proved, and some of them has been realized by the experimental physicists. the success of quantum teleportation has provided technical support for the other re-lated research in the field of quantum information. On the other hand, through the study of quantum teleportation with continuous variable, many foundational problem, such as quantum entanglement, quantum non-locality, quantum deco-herence, has been understood more deeply.In this paper, we review the basic theory of the quantum information and the recent development of and quantum security communication techonology sys- tematically. After that, it is established the physical framework for studying the quantum teleportation, with the help of calculating the quantitative relationship between the quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality. This study pro-vides a theoretical basis for designing and analyzing the new schemes of quan-tum teleportation via the non-maximally entangled quantum channel.Then we have introduced several classical schemes of deterministic quan-tum teleportation and the probabilistic teleportation which the probability of successful teleportation is not 1. And the characters which appeared in these schemes have been summarized and analyzed in detail after introduction. Based on that, a scheme to probabilistically teleport a N-particle superposition state us-ing N pair non-maximally entangled state as the quantum channel is proposed. Further more, it does not only the non-maximally entangled channel, but also non-maximally entangled measurement bases, to teleport the one particle super-position state, arbitrary biparticle state and multi-particle superposition state. We also calculate each probabilities of successful teleportation.The results in this dissertation will help us with a better understanding of the character of entanglement and nonlocality that appears in the quantum telepor-tation, and will favor to the experiments of probabilistic teleportation in future.