Bioinformatic Analysis Of Gene Families Of Heat Shock Proteins In Drosophila Melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster,belongs to Insecta, Diptera, Drosophilidae, is one of the most important model organisms. Heat shock proteins,or HSPs ,are a group of highly conserved protein synthesized in cultured cells or whole organisms , which are induced by stress stimulations and lie in all kinds of organisms.HSPs have key roles in cell growth,development ,differentiation and gene transcription.Drosophila melanogaster,as one of the most important model organisms, It has been widely used in developmental biology, molecular biology and human disease research. And the Drosophila melanogaster whole genome sequencing has been completed in March 2000. Genome research shows that more than 60% of human disease genes has the orthologous genes in Drosophila. Currently, the classification and nomenclature of heat shock protein in Drosophila melanogaster is so confused, and there is no systematic research and analysis of Drosophila HSPs.Therefore, the research on heat shock proteins of Drosophila genome has important biological significance and practical value.In this study, we performed bioinformatic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster HSPs,including the protein sequence, phylogenetic analysis and protein domain,chromosomal location,gene structure, we purposed to find all HSPs in Drosophila melanogaster genome and can purpose a standardized nomenclature for the members of this gene family,we also predict individual gene function,we hope that our work can provide reference information for the follow-up research.These results are as follows:(1)The Diversity of Drosophila melanogaster HSPs: In this study, we performed bioinformatic analysis of gene families of heat shock proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that there are 6 HSPs families: HSPC (HSP90), HSPA (HSP70), DNAJ (HSP40), HSPB (small HSP) as well as the chaperonin families HSPD (HSP60) and CCT (TRiC); however, there is no HSPE (HSP10) and HSPH (SHP110) families found, which exist in human and mouse. HSPC, HSPA, DNAJ, HSPB, HSPD and CCT contain 2,8,10,7, 5 and 8 genes, respectively. And 7 genes are newly found in this study,which has been classified and named as HSPBA4,HSPBB1,HSPBB2, DNAJA2,DNAJA6,HSPD3,HSPCA.(2)Mapping of Drosophila melanogaster HSPs and Protein features and conservative regions: All these gene mapped onto chromosomes 2L, 3L, 2R, 3R and X. The most of the members of HSPB family has only one exon and no introns were present, while in HSPBA1, HSPBB1, HSPBB3 ,there are multiple exons. In DNAJ,HSPD and CCT,HSPA,HSPC gene family,they all contains multiple exons.we still found that there are signal peptide exist in DNAJA5,CCT3,HSPA4,HSPCA with Length of 21,18,18,20 amino acid , respectively. The structures of these genes and the functional motifs and polymorphic variants of their proteins were documented and the features and functions of their proteins were discussed.(3)Phylogenetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster HSPs:Phylogenetic analyses based on protein data demonstrated that:they had the common ancestor and clustered as 6 family.