| The Southwest region is typical of mountainous regions of China, its own high species diversity, abundance, and rugged terrain, creates rich layers of mountain landscapes, and also has characteristics with changes in altitude. But for mountain city itself, its ecosystem is more vulnerable, today under the increasing intensity of urban development and construction, the original topography and the environment is very vulnerable to damage.Therefore, in the ecological environment of mountain, regional development and construction must be based on protecting the existing environment not to be destroyed, under the premise of fully exploring and understanding the composition, spatial distribution characteristics of landscape ecological complex in the mountain, from the point of landscape construction preventing degradation of the landscape ecosystem, building a reasonable and natural for human survival-artificial complex ecosystem building to meet the characteristics of landscape ecological complex in the mountain.Study Area located in Chongqing-between the Sand Rd and the central ridge of lines, total area is 22.5hm2.Using landscape ecology principles and GIS geographic information technology, remoting sensing satellite images, with CAD, Photoshop, Arcview 3.3, Fragstats3.3 software, analyzing the composition and spatial distribution characteristics of landscape ecological complex in the mountain, for the best type and spatial layout optimization of landscape ecological complex in the mountain, in order to provide the basis for planning and construction.First, classify the landscape ecological complex in the mountain on the study area, use on-site field survey plots to study the composition types of different land-use in landscape ecological complex in the mountain, with different composition types of ecological functions in landscape ecological complex in the mountain and the composition types under different forest types of landscape ecological complex in the mountain, select the related landscape indices to quantify; second, study the landscape layout under the landscape ecological complex in the mountain of different slope levels; third, from the different slope gradient point study the changes of landscape ecological complex in the mountain under the different building density levels; fourth, research the effects of landscape ecological complex in the mountain for landscape ecological processes, from the point of typical mountainous ecological processes of the depth in surface runoff and soil erosion。The study was intended to explore the best composition and spatial layout of landscape ecological complex in the mountain, and provide the reference for the construction of landscape in the mountain, the main results are as follows:(1) Through field investigation and analysis, the component type of landscape ecological complex can be divided into five types, building and hard, agricultural land, forests, woodland, bare ground, calculate the the area and the percentage share of total area, of which the largest area of dense forest is 6.97hm2, the building and hard followed by, is 5.36 hm2, bare area is the smallest, is 1.32 hm2; the largest number of patches is forest, has 384, minimum number of patches is agricultural land, has 46. This indicates that in the study area, the larger landscape area and larger number of patches are the relative to the natural. The whole landscape ecological complex has clear diversity and uneven landscape.(2) Woodland landscape and architecture have a larger proportion of surface ratio. Forests are mainly located in the northeast of the study area, the elevation gradient; construction and hard are mainly distributed in the northwest, near the Jialing River and Pingdingshan Park; sparse distribution in the higher elevations; bare land mainly intersperse in the agricultural landscape.In addition, this study also analyse the spatial layout of the landscape ecological complex in the mountain under the different slope, forest landscape area along with the increase of slope, construction and hard with the increase of the slope decreases; construction and rigid area decreases with elevation increases, forests and woodland as a whole, its distribution area is increased with the elevation increases.(3) In the study area, the effect of construction and hard for landscape ecological complex in the mountain is that, the forest landscapes in the study area is gradually increasing with the reduced level of building density.(4) In this paper, research the accumulate surface runoff and soil erosion, these two of the process in mountain ecosystems. In the main text, study the surface runoff and soil erosion relationship. The results showed that:in the study area the various types of soil hydrology, the accumulated runoff depth decreased along with construction and hard, bare percentage of area decreasing, the accumulated runoff depth increased with the percentage area of agricultural land, forests and woodland landscape decreasing; the soil erosion is 1986.61 t/km2·a, the simulation study found that slope and vegetation cover is obvious, the forest area of more, the smaller the large amount of soil erosion, when the forest area is constant, the greater the slope the greater the amount of soil erosion.(5) Simulation of surface runoff was found that when the buildings and land hard site=35%, the dense forest=65%, the minimum income to the runoff; when venue construction and land hard =20%, forests=15% Woodland=65%, the minimum they get close to runoff, after the mountain in the urban landscape ecological planning can learn from. |
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