Theoretical Study On The Fine And Hyperfine Structures And Spectra Of Atoms (Ions)

Atomic structure is one of the most important branches of atomic physics, and has a wealth of practical application in many fields of science and technology, such as plasma physics, X-ray laser et al. In this thesis, a systematical study on the fine and hyperfine structures and spectra of atoms (ions) has been carried out.The calculation of wavefunction is the basis of atomic structure. The f-wavefuntions of heavy elements are collapsed, so this kind of wavefunction has been studied firstly. In chapter 3, bound and continuous f-wavefunctions of ions along xenon isonuclear sequence and isoelectronic sequence have been calculated. The rules of f-wavefunction collapse have been studied systematically. Furthermore, the transition energies and oscillator strengthes of 4d⁹4f-4d¹⁰ transition for xenon-like ions have been presented and compared with some existing experimental and theoretical results. A huge enhancement of the oscillator strengthes for 4d-4f ¹P₁ transitions caused by the collapse effects has been found in the ions with Z≥56.In chapter 4, the 4d-4f, 4d-5p and 4p-4d transitions of Sn ions at various ionization stages (from SnVI to SnXIII) are computed. The rule of the average energy of configurations for 4p⁶4d^n-14f, 4p⁶4d^n-15p and 4p⁵4dⁿ⁺¹ with increasing ionization stages was showed. And the effect of configuration interaction on the spectra was analyzed. The results showed that the band of spectra shifted to the shorter wavelength, and the band became narrower, because of the configuration interaction.In chapter 5, the effect of magnetic moment of atomic nucleus on the atomic structure has been considered. The hyperfine structures of the ground state of the hydrogenlike ions¹⁶⁵Ho⁶⁶⁺, ¹⁸⁵Re⁷⁴⁺, ¹⁸⁷Re⁷⁴⁺, ²⁰⁷Pb⁸¹⁺, ²⁰⁹Bi⁸²⁺, ²⁰³TI⁸⁰⁺ and ²⁰⁵TI⁸⁰⁺ have been calculated.Agood agreement has been found by comparing the hyperfine splitting of the ground state and the corresponding wavelength with previous experiments and other theories.