| Micro-lens with a spherical gradient index (GRIN) is a new kind of optical device. Their optical properties are chiefly depending on their non-uniform index distributions. There are many merits about them. It has such advantages — simple geometric shape, small volume, short optical path, lightness in weight, easiness in producing by wholesale, etc. It has great potentialities in such fields as micro-optics, integrated optics and optics communication.Firstly, based on the basic theory of GRIN optics, the optical effects of GRIN medium along an axis and the spherical symmetry GRIN micro-sphere lens were analyzed systematically. Then on the base of it, the advantages of imaging about generalized Luneburg lens were studied and the basic difficulties in making it from the side of technology were analyzed. Designed a type of acute focusing imaging system which was made of solid core of generalized Luneburg lens and a pair of GRIN slab along an axis which has a compensate effect on the imaging of solid core of generalized Luneburg lens and theoretically analyzed the effects of the system. Finally put forward a kind of spherical symmetry GRIN micro-sphere with double-layer gradient-index medium was used as retro-reflection material on the surface. Through analyzed it theoretically, proved that it has advantages when used as retro-reflection material on the surface.Main contents as followed:Chapter 1: Simply introduced the background knowledge of gradient index optics, micro-optics. Besides, elaborated the contents and significance of the research.Chapter 2: Introduced the equation about gradient index medium and the characteristrics about gradient index slab along an axis.
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