Genetic Structure And Differentiation On Different Population Of Gekko Gecko

As the second class national protected animals and the first class protected animals of Guangxi Province, Gekko gecko is classified as the animal of Vertebrata, Reptilia, Squamata, and Gekkonidae. They are all over the regions of South Asia and South-East Asia, including the South part of South China. The Gekko gecko from Guangdong, Guangxi and the south of Yunan of China, Vietnam and the North of Burma are called black-spot Gekko gecko with relatively small size, darker color and sundry spots, while those of South-East Asia and a wide area of South Asia are named as red-spot Gekko gecko for their relatively bigger size, lighter color and more eye-catching read spots. But in animal classification, they have been considered as one species. Nowadays, more and more attention was attached to the research of the differentiation of these two types of Gekko gecko. In our study, the genetic structure and differentiation on Gekko gecko was researched from three aspects of the two types of Gekko gecko, the Anatomy, the chromosome and complete sequence of mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene , from Guangxi and Yunnan of China , Vietnam and Laos.Generally speaking, red-spot Gekko gecko is of bigger size of than black-spot one. As for the skin system, the red spots on the red-spot Gekko gecko's back are big and bright, much obvious than those of the black-spot Gekko gecko which are small and gloomy. Some black-spot Gekko gecko's back even have no red spots. However, the structures and functions of the digestive systems, respiratory systems, urinary systems and reproductive systems are the same between the black-spot Gekko gecko and red one .By comparing the genome styles of the Gekko gecko of Laos, Vietnam, Nanning of Guangxi, and Wenshan of Yunnan, the format of the genome styles with the Gekko gecko from Laos was 2n=38=4m+1sm+1st+13t, from Vietnam was 2n=38=4m+1sm+14t, and from Nanning of Guangxi and Wenshan of Yunnan all were 2n=38=4m+1sm+14t . There existed certain difference between the 15th chromosome of the red-spot Gekko gecko and black-spot one: the centromere of red one is sub-top, while black one is top.The complete mitochondrial Cytb gene of Gekko gecko collected from 14 areas of Guangxi China,Yunnan China,Vietnam and Laos were sequenced as molecular marker. There were 12 haploid types among them.The transition of six haploid types of black-spot Gekko gecko was 0~4, and the transivertion was 0~3. the transition and transivertion of two haploid types of the red-spot Gekko gecko of Laos, of two haploid types of Guangxi Ningming were 61 and 7.Among all red-spot Gekko gecko, the transition and transivertion were 21~59 and 1~6.But the transition and transivertion between the red-spot and black-spot Gekko gecko were more, 84~93 of the former and 9~15 of the latter. Viewed from the aspect of genetic distance, the difference among ten haploid types of the red- and black-spot Gekko gecko were obvious, which was between 8.76% ~9.99%.Whire, the genetic distance of six haploid types of the black-spot Gekko gecko was 0.12% ~ 0.47%, four haploid types of the red one was 0.83% ~ 6.46%. As result, the diversity of black-spot Gekko gecko is very low, but the diversity of red-spot Gekko gecko is more.Analyzing the data of ten haploid types and two outgroups(Teratoscincus keyserlingii and Gekko vittatus)with software MEGA3.1,bootstrap 1000,construct the phylogenetic trees of Gekko gecko by NJ,ME,MP method. The NJ tree showed that six haploid types of black-spot Gekko gecko and four haploid types of the red-spot one were divided as two branches. Among the black-spot Gekko gecko, Guangxi Nanning and Fangchenggang firstly were formed as one, then synthesizing two of Yunan Wenshan, then the outcome synthesizes LZXC (of Zhaoping, Du'an, Xincheng, Heshan, Guiping, Guzhang, Pingle) and that of Pingguo of Guangxi Baise. Among red-spot Gekko gecko, two haploid types of Laos come synthesize firstly, then it come to the two haploid types of Guangxi Ningming. ME tree and NJ tree were almost the same. And MP tree also was divided into two branches of red- and black-spot Gekko gecko. The synthesizing of six haploid types of the black ones between the MP tree and NJ tree, showed slight difference. The six haploid types was divided into two branches, of which one was the prior synthesizing of the haploid type LZXC (Zhaoping, Du'an, Xincheng, Heshan, Guiping, Guzhang, and Pingle) and that of Pingguo of Guangxi Baise, to the synthesizing of Guangxi Nanning, the other is the prior synthesizing of two haploid types of Yunnan Wenshan to the synthesizing of Fangchenggang. As result, (1) the phylogenetic trees consistent with the geographical distribution; (2) There existed certain differentiation between red-spot Gekko gecko and black-spot one.The study offers relative evidence for concept that the black- and red-spot Gekko gecko are divided into subspecies from three aspects, the physical dissect, genome styles, and complete sequence of the mitochondrial Cytb gene.