The Study On Physical And Population Genetic Characteristics Of Yunnan Mongolian

There has been 750 years since Yunnan province was overrun by the Mongolian in 1253. No data were reported systematically in this area for Yunnan Mongolian. Therefore, the present paper studied the physical characteristics of the Mongolian adults (202 males and 237 females) and the population genetic characteristics of the Mongolian students (105 boys and 103 girls) from the middle school in Xingmeng village of Tonghai country from Yunnan province. This study included 67 physical characteristics and 38 indexes derived from them, and 25 population genetic characteristics.The physical characteristics of Yunnan Mongolian were studied using anthropological and population genetic characters including craniofacial and body ones, skinfold thicknesses, girths of some portion in the body, somatotypes, genetic morphological ones, asymmetric behavior ones, types of moving tongue and so on. The methods of clustering analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the differences on physical and population genetic characteristics between Yunnan Mongolian and other Northern Mongolian groups or other minority ones in China.The results are as the follows: (1) The physical characteristics of Yunnan Mongolian follows. For the majority, the skin color is yellow with the dark hair, and the eye is brown with the eyefold of the upper eyelid. About one third people has Mongoloid fold. The nose is long and narrow with the medium (Male 65.84%, Female 43.04%) or low (Male 31.19%, Female 56.54%) nasal root. The alae nasi is also medium, while the lip is thick and the lobe is triquetrous or round. The length-width, length-height and width-height index of head mainly belongs to mesocephaly (56.44%), hypsicephaly (62.87%) and metriocephaly (35.64%) respectively in males, and mesocephaly (49.37%), hypsicephaly (58.23%) and tapeinocephaly (46.84%) in females. The major morphological facial type is hyperleptoprosopy (Male 39.11%, Female 32.07%) and leptoprosopy (Male 32.67%, Female 30.80%). The means of stature of male and female are 163.2cm and 152.9cm respectively. The indices of body part belong to mesolength (Male 52.48%, Female 54.85%), mesatiskely (Male 42.08%, Female 44.73%), medium shoulder (Male 37.13%, Female 55.27%), medium breast (Male 53.96%, Female 45.99%) and narrow pelvis (Male 53.96%, Female 60.76%). The span (Male 167.4cm, Female 154.6cm) is longer slightly than stature. The mean body weight is 57.30kg in male and 51.61kg in female. Rohrer's index shows that it is the asthenic type (46.04%) and the moderate type (39.11%) in male but the moderate type (39.66%) and the sthenic type (35.44%) in female are the dominant types. The mean somatotypes in male 2.5-5.0-2.6 and in female 4.3-4.5-1.8 are balanced mesomorph and endomorph-mesomorph, respectively. The somatotypes in both male and female are similar relatively to those of Dong nationality and Buyi nationality, but different from the Mongols in Inner Mongolia. (2) The most of anthropometric items show sexual dimorphism obviously. Some of the physical traits in Yunnan Mongolian show the age-related variations. (3) The results of population genetics show that Yunnan Mongolian have straight hair without hair point in the forehead, straight bridge of the nose, wide nares, non-projected chin and lobe. The high-frequency traits are spade fore-tooth, straight thumb and relative length of annularis over index (about 80%). The main type of nail is square (50.48%) in male but long in female (54.37%). The long inner toe is the main type of the plantar digital formila. The incidences of five types of tongue's movement are low relatively. The right type is the dominant one in seven asymmetric behavior traits. (4) There are sexual differences in several genetic traits. Nine morphological traits show less correlation from each other. Among four traits of hand and foot, only the type of thumb is correlated obviously with palmar digital formula. The obvious correlation is not found between all of types of tongue's movement and asymmetric behavior traits. (5) The physical characteristics of Yunnan Mongolian are situated between northern and southern groups. The characteristics of population genetics are similar to southern groups but different from the Mongolian in northern area.In this paper, the physical and genetic characteristics of southern Mongolian were reported for the first time. The physical characteristics of Yunnan Mongolian were discussed synthetically combining anthropological, population genetics methods with the Multivariate Statistical Analysis method.