Study On The Physique And Genetic Characteristics Of Qinghai And Alxa Heshuote Tribes

The Chinese Mongolians are an ethnic community composed of many tribes.The tribes are relatively isolated and scattered in residence.The ethnic origin,environment and customs are not completely consistent.The physical characteristics of different tribes also have differences.Heshuote tribes is an important part of Wikat Mongolia and has an important position in Mongolian history.In order to study the physical and genetic characteristics of the Qinghai and Alxa Heshuote tribes,the team went to Delingha Municipality,Qinghai Province and Alxa County,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in June and August 2017.A total of 361 Qinghai Mongolian adults(166 males and 195 females)and 233 Alxa Mongolian adults(89 males and 144 females)were investigated.Including measurement and survey of 60 body indexes,18 body composition indexes and 12 observation indexes.Correlation analysis,single factor analysis of variance,u test,chi-square test,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and other methods were used to process and analyze the data.The results of the study are as follows:(1)Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are mostly with upper eyelid folds,straight side view of the back of the nose,the level of the base of the nose,the height of the nose root is medium,the width of the nose is wide,the zygomatic protrusion is flat,the round earlobe,The upper lip skin is of medium height,thin lips,straight chin.The Qinghai Heshuote tribe has Mongolian folds,the eye fissure height is medium,and the appearance of the eye chamfer angle is higher than that of the Alxa Heshuote tribe.(2)The Qinghai Heshuote tribe has a longer head than the Alxa Heshuote tribe.The width between the head,face,inter-canthic diameter,the nose and the face is wider,the lip height is higher,but the extra-canthic diameter is smaller,the mouth is narrower,the nose is lower and flat,the hight of morphological surface,the upper lip skin and the length of the nose are small.(3)The Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are of high head type,theQinghai Heshuote tribe are mostly round head type,wide head type,wide face type,middle nose type,and the Alxa Heshuote tribe are mostly round shape.Head type,narrow head type,super narrow face type,narrow nose type.(4)The males and females of the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are mostly long torso,middle-legged,wide-breasted,short,and tall.The Qinghai Heshuote tribe are of medium shoulder type and narrow pelvis type.The Alxa Heshuote tribe is wide shoulder type and wide pelvis type.The shoulder width and pelvis width of the Qinghai Heshuote tribe were smaller than those of the Alxa Heshuote tribe.(5)The head circumference,hip circumference,thigh circumference,upper arm circumference,forearm circumference,and upper arm circumference of the Qinghai Heshuote tribe are larger than those of the Alxa Heshuote tribe;with the increase of age,the Qinghai Heshuote tribe's trunk circumference values Gradually increasing,the waist circumference and lower limb circumference values of Alxa Heshuote tribe are increased;the circumference values of Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are closer to the northern Mongolian ethnic group,and their circumference characteristics have the characteristics of the North Asian type ethnic group.(6)The triceps skin folds,Supra iliac skin fold and inner calf skin folds of females in Qinghai Heshuote tribe were thicker,while the thickness of biceps skin folds and Supra iliac skin folds were Alxa Heshuote tribe thicker;the thickness of the triceps skin fold and the inner skin fold of the lower leg of the Qinghai Heshuote tribe gradually increase with age;the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribe are closer to the ethnic groups living in North Asia.The pleat thickness feature is characteristic of the North Asian type ethnic group.(7)The average body size of the Qinghai Heshuote tribe is 4.3-5.6-1.4 for men,6.2-5.7-0.9 for women,5.1-5.0-1.0 for males and 6.1-4.5-0.9 for women in Alxa Heshuote tribe,Both are characterized by more developed bones and muscles,higher body obesity and lower linearity,and women are more obese than men.The body types of Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are relatively close to the northern Mongolian and Turkic ethnic groups,and have the characteristics of the northern Asian ethnic groups.(8)There are differences in body weight,fatrate,BMI,calories,physiological age,moisture rate,visceral fat level,left lower limb muscle mass,limb and trunk fat rate among males in Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes,except for moisture rate,the remaining indicators are lower in Qinghai Heshuote tribe;women's presumed bone mass and calories are different,and the estimated bone mass is higher in Qinghai Heshuote tribe,and the calories are higher for women in Alxa Heshuote tribe;As the increase of age,in Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes,limb and trunk fat percentage increased while muscle mass decreased.(9)According to the body fat rate and BMI criteria for judging obesity,Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes have higher fat content in men and women,and are overweight or obese.(10)The physical characteristics of the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are closer to the northern Mongolian ethnic group,and the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are also closer to the Turkic ethnic group.The physical features of the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are of the North Asian type.(11)Among the 17 ethnic groups,Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes have the upper eyelid folds,chin convex type,and earlobe occurrence at a medium level,with Mongolian folds,dorsal nasal convex type,and curly hair at a lower level.Narrow nostrils and sharp hairlines have a higher incidence;the eight head and face genetic indicators of Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are the closest,and they are all close to Gansu Hans.(12)The occurrence rate of tongue rolling in the Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are at a medium level among the 17 ethnic groups,and the occurrence rate of tongue and tongue flipping is low;the three types of tongue movement in the Qinghai Heshuote tribe is the closest to the Gansu Han nationality.The Alxa Heshuote tribe is the closest to the Chahar tribe and the Ordos tribe.(13)The occurrence rate of right-handed and right-handed cross arms of Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are at a relatively low level among 17 ethnic groups,and the occurrence rate of right-handed hands is at a moderate level;3 items of Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes The asymmetric behavior is the closest to the Han in Gansu and Daur ethnic groups.The Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are of North Asian physique characteristics,and are closer to the northern Mongolian and Turkic ethnicgroups.Genetic characteristics show that Qinghai,Alxa Heshuote tribes are also relatively close to Gansu Han people.