The Geomorphological Features Of The Xiaoqing River In Jinan Mountain And Its Relationship With Development Of The City

The study area of this paper is drainage basins of tributaries of Xiaoqing river in the south mountain region of Jinan city. By the mathematic statistical methods and the geomorphic field survey ,the structure of water system , geomorphologic features ,and the development status of the drainage basins of Xiaoqing river in Jinan region have been studied .The relations between the geomorphic environment of the study area and the development of the Jinan city also have been discussed.The study of mathematical statistics revealed that the basic characteristics of drainage landform and the structure of water system in the study area. Wipe off exceptional numerical value of individual drainage basin, the values of average bifurcation ratio of water course in these drainage basins is from 2.9901 to 3.7127; the values of average length ratio of water course is about 1.2809 to 4.0672; the values of average gradient ratio is from 0.139 to 0.4718; the values of average acreage ratio of drainage is 3.6257 to 6.3578; the values of density of water-net is 1.05 to 1.96. Difference of statistical values reflects difference of hypsography, geological factors and erosional cutting in these drainage basins.Using the parameters of area—altitude integral and erosion integral, the author analyzed the landform developmental stages and extent of each drainage basin. The study shows that the order of the values of drainage erosion–Integral from large to small is Lashan river, Liuxing river, west square ditch, Xingji river, Zhangma river, east square ritch, Quanfu river, Panlong river, and Hancang river. Combining to river network density and other parameters, it shows that the developmental stage of Lashan river, Xingji river ect.are in the "older" stage, and in more stable development stage. But the rivers with smaller value of erosion integral such as the Daxin river and Hancang river are now in the period of more active eroding.The research area belongs to low mountain and hilly region. Area of the erosive low mountain is about 71 km2; that of denudation hilly is 207.6 km2; diluvial plain and denudation plain is 95.1 km2. The types of landform in study region can be divided into slope surface of hillside, intermountain plain, intermountain basin, valley, erosive gully of mountain, gully of piedmont loess and piedmont plain. Area of hillside slope surface is 205.6 km2, intermountain plain is 58.7495 km2, and intermountain basin is 13.1066 km2.The landform characteristics of the drainage basins such as Hancang river, Panlong river and others in mountain region are contrlld by geological conditions obviously. These basins usually show long strip shape, not only in low class channel but also in high class channel, the valley floors are narrower. In the north of study region, the valley floor are more open ,intermountain plain developed .In south of research region drainages displays the more nature geomorphic characters .But in the north of research area, the drainages and his water courses show great difference features be caused by human impact partially.Study area is directly correlated with watershed of Jinan. Urban expansion influenced the environment of natural landform, while the geomorphic conditions of drainage are directly effect and restrict the development of Jinan city. The paper discussed the relationship of drainage landform with urban development from aspects of urban expansion, city hydrographic condition and flood hazard prevention, protecting of the area of groundwater conservation, and exploiting of the landscape resources for tourism. From angle of the relationship between the urban development and the protection of geomorphic environment, author put forward that :①Considering of restriction of landforms pattern to urban expansion, blind development of Jinan city to mountain area should be controlled;②In the course of building new urban districts, the drainage-flood system of urban should be perfected, keeping its function is safety and healthy;③To protect vegetation on mountain, control exploitation of mountain, restore mountain destroyed by mining, increase the ability of water source conservation;④In the course of developing tourism of mountain and city outskirts, it should make scientific evaluate about the exploitation and utilization of the landscape resources, and keep coordinated development of tourism industry and mountain environment.