Research On The Application Of Measurement Uncertainty In Physics Experiments

Experiment error and data processing are important contents in a measurement work .The traditional deviation theory refers to the concept that uses the measurment deviation to evaluate the reliability of the measurement results, but the method is inexact because it often arouses a very big chaos and confusion to the researchers who use the method. While with the international organizations' popularizing, the measurement uncertainty gradually substitutes the measurement deviation and becomes the reliable index for evaluating the measurement results. And it has provided a forceful guarantee to the development of measurements and scientific experiments. Standard uncertainty gives a rational dispersed parameter to the results being measured. At the same time the parameter is put into use together with the measurement results to show the measurement results' coverage rate. The measuremnt uncertainty is based on the deviation theory, but in the methods of implicating,classifying,evaluating and so on it still has so many differences with the deviation theory.Although uncertainty theory has been built up, the application in every field needs to be developed and also remains many problems to be solved. Especially to the needs of society, to the needs of the modern physics experiments and to the needs of other engineering teaching survey, though the traditional deviation has been reformed; and the uncertainty has been adapted, there also exist many problems. Owing to this, the text mainly carries out the following tasks:First, expounding further explanations of measurement uncertainty. Second, pointing out many exciting problems in applicating evaluation of uncertainty in physics experiments.At last, giving a evaluation to the uncertainty of Charle wheatstone's two kinds electric resistance by the application of measurement uncertainty in physics experiments. Also by appraising experiments, building up a mathematic model and analyzing the source of the uncertainty, it can classify the uncertainties into two types: Type A of uncertainty and Type B of uncertainty. And at last it can calculate out the expanded uncertainty according to the propagation-composing rate of expanded uncertainty and give out the stantard evaluating results.As well as by the experiments and theoretical analysis, the text has made some confused measurement concepts clear. Also it repairs the effective digit of uncertainty in applications and points out some mistakes in actual applying. Just as in a measuring instrument it should give out the uncertainty of the classification, the restrict condition of measuring the expanded uncertainty factor, the indeterminacy of relative combined standard uncertainty in measuring and correct the non-standard representation.