A Study On Bird Communities And Habitat Characteristics In Beijing Urban Parks

Investigation on the urban avian community, its habitats and their relationship is of great significance and helps to enrich the theories of community ecology, urban ecology and conservation biology, and can contribute to better understanding the role of avian community in urban ecosystem and the relationship between avian community and environmental protection. Based on these considerations concerned above, we studied avian community in 6 Beijing urban parks, analyzed characteristics of urban avian community and the relationship between bird and its habitats, and discussed how to protect the urban avian community and its environment. Line transect method was adopted in field investigation. The 117 kinds of birds were recorded, which belong to 18 orders and 43 families. Among them, the percentage of summer migrants, brigade, winter migrants, residents were 35.04%, 32.48%, 6.83%, 23.93% respectively. More than non-breeding birds breeding birds, together accounted for 58.97%. The species number of Passeriformes was the highest, accounting for 51.3% o f total species. 13 species of all were listed in the Red Book of China, accounting for 11.11%. Comprison on avian community of 4 ecological groups, the sequence of species richness was: songbirds> terrestrial bird > wading bird > swimming bird. Niche of birds breeding study found that the trees to build nests and filling up nesting bushes, were 50% and 18.57%. Birds average density is 12.61/hm2, there were nine dominance specieces, most of the sparrow. Indexes of species diversity, uniformity and dominance were 3.44, 0.5 and 0.18, respectively. Based on QuickBird satellite remote sensing data, environmental quality of the investigating sampling areas were evaluated by referring evaluation methods of developedc ountries. The results showed that quality of the afforested lands in multipurpose parks of relatively large area was the best, such as the Beijing Botanical Garden, Yuanmingyuan, the Summer Palace. Those of the roadside trees and the economic forests were the worst. By Pearson correlation coefficient method, the relationship between bird community and habitats was analyzed. In all the habitats investigated, there were notable positive correlations between bird species(S) in green space of park and the park area (PA), green coverage rate (VR), herbal types (HK), plant diversity (PB) and the types of plants ( PK), and there was notable correlation between diversities of bird species and park area (PA), green coverage rate (VR), herbal types (HK), plant diversity (PB) and the types of plants (PK). That bio-diversity and the area of green space had great impact on the bird numbers, so the protection and construction of green space was very important. Finally, in accordance with the characteristics of Beijing, based on the principles of wildlife conservation and conservation biology, the spatial planning of green space for protecting avian community in Beijing was put forward.