Study On Community Structure Of Migratory Birds And Plant Landscape In Autumn And Winter In Green Space Of Nanning Urban Park

From September 2020 to February 2021,this study investigated migratory bird communities and plant landscapes in 21 park green spaces in Nanning.The plant survey adopted the sample method.The migratory bird survey adopted the combination of the line method and the sample method.The species composition of migratory birds and the plant landscape factors with significant influence on migratory birds in the green space of Nanning City Park were investigated.The relationship between migratory bird community and urban park green space plant landscape was analyzed by correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis.Finally,this study proposes the principles and strategies of plant landscape planning for urban migratory bird habitats.(1)The survey found that there are 78 migratory bird species belonging to 7 orders and24 families.Among them,there are 60 species of winter migratory birds and 18 species of passing migrant birds.Passeriformes birds are the main migratory birds in the green space of Nanning Urban Park,with a total of 55 species,accounting for 70.5% of the number of migratory bird species.The survey found that the biological population composition of migratory birds is mainly forest birds and the ecological group composition is mainly songbirds.The weight range of migratory birds is mainly in 0-30 g.According to the behavioral characteristics of migratory birds,their are mainly insectivorous birds,their feeding methods are mainly picking,their feeding positions are mainly arbor layer and ground layer,their habits are mainly independent birds.Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area has the highest species richness of migratory birds,the highest bird abundance,the highest bird diversity index and the lowest Xinxiu Park.There are 3 dominant species of migratory birds,Ruddy-breasted Crake,Yellow-rumped Warbler,Yellow-browed Warbler.(2)The survey recorded a total of 429 species of plants in 105 families in 21 park green spaces.The ratio of trees: shrubs: herbs was 232:124:73.The park green spaces was dominated by evergreen tree species,with 353 species,accounting for 82.3% of the total.From high to low,the degree of utilization of ornamental characteristics of plants is flower-viewing> composite type> leaf viewing> fruit-viewing> and shape-viewing> no ornamental characteristics.The largest diversity of plant communities in horizontal structure is the Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area,and the smallest is Binjiang Park.The most complex plant vertical structure is the Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area,and the smallest is the Nakao River Wetland Park.The highest abundance of trees,shrubs and herbs in the green spaces of urban parks is Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area.The least rich tree and shrub plants is Xinxiu Park,and the least rich herbaceous plants is Fengling Children’s Park.The zoo has the greatest human disturbance in the green space of urban parks,and the smallest is Wuxiangling Forest Park.According to the plant characteristics of green spaces in 21 urban parks in Nanning and the utilization of migratory birds,the typical plant habitats in the five were arbor dense forest community,arbor sparse forest community,shrubland community,lawn community and wetland plant community.(3)The green area and perimeter of urban parks were significantly positively correlated with bird richness,bird abundance and bird diversity.There was a significant positive correlation between the diversity of migratory birds and the number of tree species.There was a significant positive correlation between the richness,abundance and diversity of migratory birds and the average height of tree canopy,shrub cover,vertical structure diversity of plant communities,and horizontal structure diversity of plant communities.None of the other landscape factors reached significant levels.There was a negative correlation between the flow of people and the characteristics of migratory bird communities,but it did not achieve a statistically significant relationship.(4)According to the analysis of the stepwise regression method,the richness of migratory birds is mainly affected by the diversity of plant vertical structure and the average height of the canopy of trees,and all of them have reached a very significant level,that is,the richness of migratory birds increases with the increase of plant vertical structure diversity and the average height of tree canopy.Both bird abundance and bird diversity are affected by the diversity of plant vertical structures,and they have also reached a very significant level,that is,the richness of migratory birds increases with the increase of plant vertical structure diversity.(5)Nine migratory bird groups were divided according to the characteristics of diet,feeding location and feeding mode.All migratory bird groups had a preference for habitats in urban park green spaces,among which the arbor forest community was the most attractive to migratory bird communities,followed by the arbor dense forest community and the shrub community,respectively.(6)According to the method of habitat quality assessment,the habitat quality of migratory birds in Nanning urban park green space is Wuxiangling Forest Park> Qingxiushan Scenic Area> Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden> People’s Park> Qingxiu Lake Park,Jinhuacha Park> Shimen Forest Park> Nanhu Park> Shishan Park,Xinweijiang Park,International Garden Expo Park> Wuxianghu Park,Sports and Leisure Park> Jiangnan Park,Fengling Children’s Park,Flower Park> Acacia Lake Park> Nakao River Wetland Park>Zoo> Jiangnan Riverside Park > Xinxiu Park.(7)In this paper,three principles are proposed for the plant landscape planning of urban migratory bird habitats,including plant species enrichment,plant community structure complexity,and plant tallness.This paper also proposes seven plant landscape planning strategies,including planning large-scale habitats and improving the rate of green space,increasing the number of tall trees,enriching the vertical structure of plant communities,increasing the coverage of shrub-layer plants,paying attention to functional zoning,reducing human interference,increasing the application of native plants and food-source plants,and rationally planning other environmental elements.In addition,landscape construction strategies based on the preferences of different migratory bird groups are also recommended.The content of this study is to incorporate bird ecology into the practical application of landscape architecture research,which is a useful exploration to solve the problem of biodiversity loss under the background of rapid urbanization,and has good reference value for the construction of migratory bird habitats in urban park green space,and also has good reference significance for urban park green space landscape planning and design,and also has great significance for improving the ecological service function of urban green space.