Comparative Anatomical Studies On Three Species Of Rosaceae

Paraffin section and optical microscopic technology were used to study the comparative anatomy of the three kinds of plants in Rosaceae in Jilin, including Rosa rugosa Thunb.,Prunus salicina Lindl.and Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., to analyze external morphology and anatomical structure characters and search for evolution of system.The results showed that there were many similar characteristics among them and also many differences.Rosa rugosa Thunb. was odd-pinnate compound leaf , Prunus salicina Lindl.and Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.were simple leaf, they all had stipule; Rosa rugosa Thunb. had the majority of stamens and apocarpies, ovary was false inferior and really superior, achenes were more and intensive; Prunus salicina Lindl had ten stamens and one carpel, ovary was superior, one drupe; Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.had five to ten stamens and five carpels, ovary was inferior, five carpels conformed one pome.There were epidermal hairs and emergences on the leaf, petiole and stem of Rosa rugosa Thunb., Rosa rugosa Thunb. had thicker cuticle and cells arranged closely; the petiole of Prunus salicina Lindl.had a few epidermal hairs, there were a lot of bulliform cells on the epidermis of leaves, mesophyll cells arranged closely; the anatomical structure of leaf and stem of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.evolved aerenchyma and meeted the need of oxygen, epidermal cells were close.Although the wood of Rosa rugosa Thunb.,Prunus salicina Lindl.and Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.belonged to diffuse– porouswood, Rosa rugosa Thunb. had band of thick-walled cell structure, The vessel aperture was smallest and most of them were solitary pore, the ray was heterogeneous rayⅡ. All of them showed its original position of evolution; Prunus salicina Lindl.and Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.belonged to typical diffuse–porouswood, the vessel aperture of Prunus salicina Lindl.was biggest and most were multiple pore or pore-cluster, the ray was heterogeneous rayⅡtoo; The wood anatomical structure of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. was between Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Prunus salicina Lindl..The vessels of three kinds of plants were all simple perforation plate. Most of vessel elements of Rosa rugosa Thunb. were tilted and one end had a long tail; Most of the vessel elements of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.were level ; Prunus salicina Lindl.was between Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim..We could make a conclusion from the experiment results that Rosa rugosa Thunb. had primary characters, Prunus salicina Lindl.had less primary characters, Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim . had advanced characters. Three species plants of Rosacea evolutionary patern from lower to advanced was Rosa rugosa Thunb.(primary)- Prunus salicina Lindl.(less primary)- Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.(advanced).