From The Accumulationism To The Ideals Of Cognitivevalue

First of all, for the philosophy of science itself, on the characteristics of this subject, the aim of philosophy of science is to give an in-depth discussion on the philosophical questions of science-related issues. On the contents, philosophy of science should not only build up methodological rules but also focus on the original and kinetic research of the development of science. For these reasons, the discussion on the modes of scientific development is of great theoretical value.Secondly, from the perspective of practice, in real life, especially in current society, people enjoy in the all kinds of surprises that science provides, but meanwhile they are aware of the problems brought by science more and more frequently. Gradually, their opinions change from pursuing science enthusiastically to suspecting or rejecting science. But the change of attitude above does not mean that people's understanding about science is becoming more in-depth. On the contrary, they are more confused. In order to understand the science and deal with the relationship between man and science better, an in-depth discussion of the scientific development mode is very essential.At present, theory of the mode of scientific development is always found in some Western literatures. In these literatures, the discussions always focus on "scientific progress" which just an "old question" but always with new finding. Such as Popper's "Logic of Scientific Discovery" and Kuhn's "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" that are all classic of this aspects. In recent years, many Chinese scholars put forward the new ideas which are all the new exploration of this topic. For instance, "Science→value" mode etc.However, as these theories I mentioned above, any theory concerning the problems such as development or progress will involve the element such as "goals" or "objectives" inevitably. But "the purpose of scientific progress" is always described differently in almost every kind of the expression about the mode of scientific development. This expresses the author's main view about value of scientific progress. Vice versa, different people have different values for the purpose of scientific progress, which also impact on his description of the mode of scientific development. This article aims to find out the implicit way of values change and relationship between which and the theories of the mode of scientific development, through the analysis of classical theory and some new issues about this point in recent years.In the final part of this article, I make a detailed discussion on "science and value" in Laudan's work. The reason to do this, not my preference to his theory, is that I consider Laudan's analysis caught the key of the question: we should build up a theory of scientific development which can prevent not only Relativism but also absolutism in the values. In addition, we also should make a comprehensive survey among rationality, values and maneuverability before talking about the characteristics of scientific progress. It is wrong for us to go to any extreme point. Laudan's theory of the mode of scientific development and his views on values is just in the middle region. If not consider the judgment of the exactitude of his theory, I would say "Laudan's theory is very inspiring". Of course, to express the agreement with this "middle region" is also a part of my final conclusions.