The Rationality Of Scientific Development

With the rise of critical rationalism and scientific historicism in the twentieth century,philosophy of science has made great progress.Especially,one of the important problems in the research is the rationality of scientific development,the rationality of scientific development is an issue that has been repeatedly discussed in western philosophy of science.Different schools of philosophy of science give different answers about the problem.logical positivism,science is based on a cumulative empirical model;Popper's doctrine of perjury,the development of science in the mode of continuous revolution;Kuhn,historical philosopher of science,the rational development of science has been developed in the mode of continuous alternation between conventional science and revolution;Lakatos thinks the rationality of science is based on his scientific research methodology.The text research Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes.The thesis consists of three parts.The first chapter mainly discusses the background of the methodology of scientific research programmes:first,Popper's scientific development model,second,Kuhn's scientific development model.Through these two aspects of research,trace back to the background and source of Lakatos' philosophy of science produced.The second chapter discusses the main contents of the methodology of scientific research programmes,that is hard core,guard band and heuristics,sum up the main points of replacement of scientific research program and evolution,evaluating the development of theory with progressive and degenerative problem shifts,explain why the progressive research program will replace the degraded research program.This paper presents a dynamic model of scientific development.The third chapter mainly analyses the method of research program on Lakatos,the revelation and significance of the research on scientific rationality,defects and deficiencies,and the influence of the subsequent philosophers of science.Research shows:first,on Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes i s a relatively complete system of thought,is not out of order,but has its own internal log ic system.This system mainly consists of scientific research program,replacement and e volution of scientific research program and replacement and evolution of scientific resea rch program.The formation of the methodology of scientific research program can not b e separated from Popper's scientific development model,but also inseparable from the s cientific development model of Kuhn.Through the comparison and research of the two models of scientific development,from the historical and revolutionary point of view,it puts forward the dynamic development model of scientific research program methodolo gy finally.secondly,the main contribution of Lakatos is skillfully combines the advant ages of the development model of Popper and Kuhn's philosophy of science,and critical inheritance.That is Popper inherited rationalism,and criticized his non historicism;while inheriting Kuhn's historicism,he criticized his non rationalism.All in all,the scientific research program of the Lakatosian methodology,from a cer tain point of view,it greatly promotes the rationality of scientific development,it also ha s a certain influence on the philosophy of science.However,it has shortcomings and defi ciencies,we should treat dialectically.