Studies On The Development Of Male And Female Gametophytes And Fertilization Characteristics Of Pistacia Chinensis Bunge

The experiment material is Pistacia Chinensis Bung in this paper,using of morphological anatomy, palynology, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy observation method and so on. Systematically studied on the development of male and female gametophytes, pollen morphology, pollen germination and storage characteristics, as well as fertilization characteristics. the regular pattern of the growth and development of fruit and fruit falling were proved . the results were as follows:1. The Pistacia Chinensis Bunge anther walls were composed of four layers including epidermis,powder chamber wall,middle layer and glandular tapetum. The pollen chamber was composed of four anthers,which liked butterfly or distributed juxtaposition. Microspore tetrads were symmetry and tetrahedron. The ovary was monolocular and the ovules were anatropous.2. Using the scanning electron microscope , the pollen morphology , ektexine ornamentation and germ pore of four breeds of the Pistacia Chinensis Bunge and Pistachio were observed. The results showed that the pollen grains of the four breeds were long-globous existing with monads,middling microspore. The exine ornamentation were all reticulate sculpture. The shape of T11's mesh was foveolae while the others'were round or approximately round. The exterior of the'T491'pollen has a few white grains and that of the other three breeds had a lot of white grains. There was a certain difference about the shap of the germinal aperture. The shape of T11's germinal aperture was furrowed,that of'Peter'was round and that of the'T491'and the Pistacia Chinensis Bunge were oval. The order of pollen size is:'Peter'>the Pistacia Chinensis Bunge>'T491'>'T11'.3. The bourgeon pollen of Pistacia Chinensis Bunge suitable medium was composed of 15% sucrose,100mg/L boric acid,cultivated at 25℃,which was the optimum temperature for pollen germination rate and the length of pollen tube reached to the largest. When the temperature or the concentration were rised or reduced,the pollen germination rate and the length of pollen tube would be restrained in a certain degree. Through the study of the pollen storage conditions,the results indicated that the pollen germination rate and the length of pollen tube would decline with the increase of store days in different storage conditions. The store effect in dryness conditions were as follows: 4℃cold storage >- 18℃frozen storage>room temperature. The suitable temperature for keeping the pollen of Pistacia Chinensis Bunge was 4℃cold storage.4. Plant growth hormones can regulate the development of the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube. In a certain concentration,GA3,IAA,2,4-D and NAA could promote the the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube while it would have resrict effect when the concentration was too high. The suitable concentrations of GA3, IAA,and NAA for the pollen germination and tube growth of Pistacia Chinensis Bunge were 50mg/L,15mg/L and 0.5mg/L. The concentrations of 2,4-D was 15mg/L,the pollen germination rate reached to the largest,while that suitable for the growth of pollen tube was 5mg/L. From the aspect of completeing the impregnation process,the concentrations of 2,4-D suitable for the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube was 5mg/L.5. By use of fluorescence microscope,the process of the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube were observed after pollination of the Pistacia Chinensis Bunge. The chapiter was also observed using the scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. The results showed that 2 h after pollination,the pollen germinated and formed pollen tube;after 12 h,the pollen tube reached to the basicranium of stylet;24 h later,the pollen tube reached to the ovary. The distribution of the number of the pollen tubes in the stylet were more in the upside,a bit less in the middle and in the basicranium was the least. In the progress of the pollen growth,there were some unnormal pollen tube and a series of callose reaction in the stylet. the stylet was wet type and trifid,covered with papillate cell.6.The transverse diameter of the growth and development of the fruit of Pistacia Chinensis Bunge was about"厂"type. In the whole growth progress,there were one fast growth period,April 23th ~ May 21th,then the growth of transverse diameter of the fruit slowed down and stoped till the late July. The dynamic movement of fresh fruit thousand-grain weight was S-shaped curves,from April 23th to May 23th was the first fast growth period,the seedcase grow fast. From August 21th to september 30 was the second fast growth period,embryo grow quikly and seed formed. september 30th was the third fast growth period,the fresh fruit weight reached to the largest,then the fruit arrive at a stably state,stoped growing. The Pistacia Chinensis Bunge had two obvious fruit falling fastigium,the first period happened on the beginning of May, which was the main physiological fruit falling period;the second period happened on the middle of June,the fruit falling was less thanthe first time and after the late June,the fruit falling was almost stoped.