| Dongting Lake is in the northern of Hunan Province, the southern shore of Jingjiang which is located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. It is one of the largest fresh water lake wetland ecosystems in our country, with a variety of ecological and environmental functions. It is not only the identified wetland and one of the key areas where biological diversity in fresh water is important, but also one of the largest birds'habitats in winter to China, even Asia. At present, the waterfowl research in Dongting Lake wetland is focused on waterfowl species, investigation on numbers or the landscape pattern and process of waterfowl habitats etc. Our study is primarily the analysis based on landscape scale, the establishment of quantitative index system about biological habitats, and the suitability assessment of biological habitats according to index system in the study area. In this paper, we attempt to research the species ecology on landscape scale through quantifying the habitats, and take landscape indicator as one element to the suitability analysis of species habitats.Based on remote sensing and geographic information systems technology, we analyzed the current characteristics and main problems of the Dongting Lake wetland ecosystem. Using the existing data on wintering waterfowl species and quantity variation, we choose and quantify the factors impacting on wetland waterfowl habitat, establish and evaluate the suitability model in order to know the habits of representative waterfowl in Dongting Lake wetland during the winter. Though comparing and analyzing the waterfowl suitable habitat variation in 1989,1999 and 2008, the author analyzed the GAP in Dongting Lake wetland combining with the current situation on Nature Reserve, and gave the wetland protection strategy at last.By anglicizing these data we draw several reliable and extremely meaningful conclusions and interesting finding as the following:1 The model of the Dongting Lake waterfowl habitat suitability assessment is established in this paper. According to Dongting Lake and the quantitative characteristics of populations of wintering water birds, from both volume and level of rare, cranes, geese and ducks and waders class were selected as a representation of Dongting Lake wetland birds species. With the basis of behavior of cranes, geese and ducks and waders class, taking the effects on waterfowl distribution of topography, landscape, vegetation, hydrology, settlements and road jamming interference as environmental factors, the AHP was employed to establish habitat suitability assessment model.2 This article evaluated the status of suitable habitat for waterfowl. Actual analysis results show that:general suitable habitat patches and unsuitable habitat patches dominated, with a more suitable habitat and suitable smaller, which mainly were in the interior Dongting Lake Wetland Nature Reserve. Status landscape pattern of Dongting Lake wetland habitats analysis shows:a more suitable habitat and suitable habitat distribution was discrete form, the lack of larger core patches of wetland waterfowl, support capability is weak.3 This paper analyzes the Dongting Lake wetland waterfowl habitat variation, driving factors, and proposes strategies for biodiversity conservation in Dongting Lake area. Nearly 20a, Dongting Lake wetland habitat landscape showing a landscape fragmentation, shape complexity, landscape discrete distribution characteristics, indicating that not only wetland habitat area of degradation of suitable habitat by the continuous distribution into island-like analysis, habitat structure is not conducive to waterfowl reproduction. The siltation of lake-bed and reduction of the upstream inflow, reed and poplar cultivation, population growth, the stress produced by urban traffic construction caused degradation of the wetland waterfowl habitat. With the reason of the degradation of Wetlands waterfowl habitat, the Dongting Lake wetland waterfowl habitat conservation plans were put forward based on GAP analysis method in this paper.
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