Study On Kuhn's Humanistic Shift Of Scientific View

Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) is one of the important philosophers in the history of modern scientific philosophy and the most influential science philosopher in the last 30 years of the 20th century. His academic tag is "paradigm" theory, the impact of this philosophy is now beyond scientific philosophy and history of scientific philosophy, extending to the political, economic and cultural fields, "Paradigm" once swept the globe. Kuhn is mainly engaged in the philosophy of science and he has widespread influence, but a Kuhn school does not form. There are so many studies in Kuhn's "paradigm" theory .Unlike that, this article focuses on the humanistic shift of scientiftic view ,in order to explore Kuhn's thought and significance of the social practice more comprehensive.Kuhn's turn of scientific view openes the new direction of the scientific philosophy research, before him, there are two representative view of science in modern scientific philosophy :the scientific view of logical empiricism and the view of science of critical rationalism. Logical empiricism believes that scientific knowledge is in the gradual process of increasing, linear development, and science is cumulative experience that has been proven .But the critical rationalism considers that science is constantly revolution, scientific knowledge is in the course of being falsified constantly. Kuhn opposed to these two views of science, which emphasizes human's value orientation and function in the scientific activities. After him, social history, language, psychological factors are introduced to view of science. Science is being integrated into the cultural and historical context as a practical activity. Thus, Kuhn is called "the people that opens the Pandora's box ". Because it, the traditional science image is being subverted and philosophy of science has deepened the penetration in the social sciences and the humanities.This article mainly probes into the analysis from four aspects: The first part is the humanities shift 's background analysis of Kuhn's scientific view. Why Kuhn's view of science is quite different from the conventional philosophy of science? One reason is that there are limitations in the theoretical development of scientific philosophy during Kuhn's life times. The experience of logical empiricism of the scientific concept proved to be challenged because absolutely proved impossible. The simplistic scientific view of falsificationism from critical rationalism is easily abandoned when theories are falsified. The life of scientific theory is so short that it has also been questioned, also due to lack of stability of the scientific development. This provides theoretical soil for Kuhn's scientific view shift. Kuhn's thought and learning experiences is the second reason. Kuhn found limitation and error of previous philosophy of science, and he research and explored it.The second part is Early shift of Kuhn's view. As the founder of the history schools of scientific philosophy, The typical performance is the dimension of social history into the philosophy . Through the demarcation of science, scientific theory of values, the scientific development of the model description of the social and historical shift,Kuhn Explain the scientific concept of turning social history. "Gestalt" psychology's "Duck Rabbit Figure Test" is the theoretical basis Theory of Kuhn, paradigm of Scientific observation and experiment is the background of the man-made arrangements, Paradigm transformation is the belief in psychological science community transformation.The third part is Late shift f Kuhn's view. After 1980s since the 20th century, Kuhn pay more attention to language role in the scientific understanding , Increasingly reflect the significant features of the Linguistic Turn, Then influence his early views . It should be said, than his proposed theory of the 60's Paradigm, Kuhn in the later theory, more use of language-related terms, scope and presentation of ideas theory, Such as "dictionary", "no translation", and "language community".This may be found in the nature and characteristics of different.The last part is Kuhn 's humantistic shift impact of the scientific view. Supporters of both Kuhn or Kuhn's opponents can not avoid the fact that Kuhn's scientific concept change superstition against science and rationality.At the same time , Kuhn 's view affect the times of his life and other philosophical schools. From him, the concepts of science and reason break and take a complicated scientific way.Especially in the context of modernity, Kuhn open Pandora's box and the battle of science spread the globe.