The Assessment And Control Measures Of Water Environmental Pollution Of Large-scale Livestock And Poultry Breeding In Chaohu Lake Basin

With the prosperous development of stock raising, environmental pollution caused by the livestock and poultry breeding has become increasingly attracted people's attention, and now has become the hot spot that more and more scholars are researching. In order to protect the ecological environment of Chaohu river basin and maintain water resoueces in Chaohu, the research evaluated the status and pollution situation of livestock and poultry farms in Chaohu river basin, and put forward the targeted prevention and control measures. It could provide reference for optimization programs and control measures for the departments.1. Chaohu Lake is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Chaohu basin area is 13486 square kilometers, and its water network density is high and there are varied types of landforms and soils. Chaohu Lake has played an extremely important role in the supply of natural resources and regulation of ecological environment. The level of economic and social development is high in Chaohu river basin, which is an important commodity production and processing bases in Anhui Province. The results show that eco-environmental quality of Chaohu Lake Basin is in the middle level, eco-regulation is relatively fragile, soil erosion is serious and lake body is shrinking. In recent decades, water environment has been suffered from various forms of pollution, and Chaohu Lake water eutrophication is severe. One of the important reasons for this trouble is the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by animal manure.2. In terms of Juchao District, Chaohu City, represented by a part of the livestock and poultry farm, we found that the number of scale livestock and poultry farms was many, however, the degree of scale was not high, the distribution of many farms was in the vicinity of water sources, the level of management was very poor, and the majority of animal manure was untreated. It was calculated that the annual quantity (count as pig feces) of total feces from livestock and poultry in Chaohu river basin was 25.1535 million tons in 2004, annual COD losses was 0.2569 million tons, and ammonia nitrogen was 0.0351 million tons. The theoretical values of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 5119.5t and 1650.96t, which resulted in great potential contamination. Animal husbandry density and the load capacity of effective arable land in the basin did not match. The manure-land load alarm value was 1.17, much higher than the national average of 0.49. The results showed that the emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus from pigs and poultry breeding industry were the major source from the livestock and poultry breeding industry. The emissions from pigs and poultry breeding industry accounted for more than 96% of total emissions.3. It is predicted that the next few years the amount of livestock will be incarease about 8% annual rate, the potential pollution load will be even greater in the Chaohu Lake Basin, the amount of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding farms converted into the pig will be approximately 4 million, and the output of TN and TP will reach 0.3071 million tons and 0.1323 million tons, respectively. Even though we use control techniques and measures to achieve 35 percent penetration rate of pollution reductions, TN and TP that enter into the lake will reach 3000t and 1200t, respectively. Pollution situation is still grim in 2015.4. According to the large-scale livestock and poultry farms and the pollution status of the Chaohu Lake basin, the overall pollution control program must be rationally developed. The five aspects, which include the reinforcement of management and strengthening of law enforcement, the optimization of breeding distribution and implementation of agricultural and pastoral integration, the increase government input and application of research results, the reinforcement of publicity and education and the elevation public awareness of environmental protection, assure imperatively farm environmental management and pollution prevention and control measures and technical measures.5. As an ecological pig raising method, fermenting bed method exploited microbial resources of the natural environment through artificial selection, through a special padding made from organic (i.e., fermentation bed) of pig manure decomposition, transformation, so as to realize non-polluting, zero emissions, no odor of new pig-raising techniques. The technology has the advantages of water conservation, feed and labor saving, elevation resistance to diseases of livestock and poultry, meat products quality and the breeding efficiency, which focus on demonstration and promotion.