Synthesis Of Nitriles Catalysed By Peg400

This thesis consists of two parts. In part one, a new method for the synthesis of nitriles by phase transfer catalytic reaction is introduced. PEG400, which is poisonless, low cost with good capability of carrying sodium ion, was used as catalyst, and sodium cyanide owing to its less toxicity, stability, less amount in the reaction, was used as cyanating reagent in the reactions. The effects of some key related reaction conditions were also studied. We chose some aliphatic and active aromatic halogen compounds or esters, which are liquid at the corresponding reaction temperature, as cyanating substrates for the synthesis of nitriles under solvent-free conditions. Nitriles were synthesized in excellent yields (84%-96%) and purity (98%) with an amount of 3% PEG400 and 30% excess of sodium cyanide to the organic halogen compounds or esters. As the different results of the same reaction in different solvents, we selected benzene as so]vent. Acyl cyanides were synthesized at room temperature with an amount of 5% PEG400 and 20% excess of sodium cyanide to the acyl chlorides. The advantages of the process over the others lie in the simpler and milder reaction conditions, higher yields, and also its use for the synthesis of aromatic and aliphatic acyl cyanides. Especially the better result was obtained for the synthesis of chloro-acetyl cyanide which couldn be reached by other methods. In part two, in order to develop new types of chiral catalysts, we designed some routes to synthesize a series of new chiral ligands containing nitrogen and phosphine, which can form cyclic metal complexes. New method for the synthesis of bromoenamines from enamines was studied tentatively.