| In this paper, four kinds quaternary ammonium chitosan-oligosaccharides cationic surfactant have been synthesized, those are (2-hydroxyl-3-dimethyl dodecyl ammonium) propyl chitosan-oligosaccharides, (2-hydroxy 1-3-dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium) propyl chitosan-oligosaccharides, (2-hydroxy 1-3-dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium) propyl chitosan-oligosaccharides and (2~hydroxyl-3-dimethyl octadecyl ammonium) propyl chitosan-oligosaccharides, respectively. The structures and degree of substitute of the chitosan-oligosaccharides derivatives are characterized by IR spectroscopy ,UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Elemental Analysis . The average molecular weight of chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharides have been determined by High Gel Permeation Chromatography (HGPC), accordingly the molecular weight of the chitosan-oligosaccharides derivatives are calculated. Basic physical-chemistry properties such as solubility ,surface activity, micelle thermodynamic property ,solubilization and the applied properties such as moisture adsorbability ,water retentivity, microemulsion , antibacterial activity , antitumor activity have been studied systematiclly.Solubility experiments show that the solubility of the surfactants in water become weaker with chain length of hydrophobic group increasing, but it can steadily exists in range of pH2~pH12 and it can't be salted out in 10% salt solution for 1% concentration of the surfactants in water . Measurement on surface tension and Critical Micelle Concentration(CMC) show that this type surfactant has good surface activity, its surface tension and CMC reach 36.5mN/m, 4.04x10~5g/mL respectively. Inorganic salt can greatly decrease the surface tension and ns CMC. The functions of micelle thermodynamics show that the process of micelle forming is spontaneous , furthermore, the process of micelle forming is a endothermic process in temperature range of experiment. Solubilization experiments indicate that this type surfactant can increase the solubility of Pyrene and benzyl alcohol in water, and the solubilityincreased obviously when the concentration of surfactant is increased , increasing temperature also affect the solubility of benzyl alcohol obviously.The results of moisture adsorbability and water retentivity show that this type surfactant has good moisture adsorbability but its water retentivity is not so good. Study on property of microemulsion indicate that this surfactant can form microemulsion with alcohol, oil and water in special condition. In this part, the effect of alcohol and oil ,best microemulsion forming condition of this type surfactant and the effect of oil content on area of microemulsion are detailly studied . Result shows that microemulsion area decrease obviously with oil content increasing. The three structure (O/W, W/O, B.C.) of microemulsion system have also been measured by conductivity method. Antibacterial experiment tell us this type surfactant have excellent antibacterial activity to S.aureus, B.subtilis and E.coli. , its Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) are 10,20,30mg/L respectively. The experiment of antitumor shows that quaternary ammonium chitooligosaccharides has good antitumor activity, its tumor inhibiting rate to sarcoma Sigo can reach 54.71% with dose of 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, in special range of dose, its tumor inhibiting rate and dose has definite relationship, the thymus index, liver index and spleen index of mouse earring tumor are higher than that of cyclophosphamide group which show that the immunological function of mouse is not affected but also is improved. The LDso injected intraperitoneally of this type surfactant is 115.13mg/kg, its reliability of 95% within 99.77-132.86mg/kg , itstoxicity is lower than universal quaternary ammonium surfactant-dodecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide(LD5o=40mg/kg), so it can be used safely.All the results show that quaternary ammonium chitosan-oligosaccharides have good solubility ,chemical stability, good surface activity ,solubilization and other applied properties such as good moisture adsorbability...
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