Studies On Alkaloids And Polysaccharides From Cirsium Japonicum DC.

Cirsium japonicum DC., belonging to the Compositae family, is a common-used Chinese herbal drug. Having the efficacy of cooling the blood, hemostasis and detumescence, it has been mainly used to treat haematuria and carbuncle.Constituents of Cirsium japonicum DC. are complicated, and it has lots of pharmacological actions and clinical practices. Although modern chemical and pharmacological researches have partly elucidated the relation between chemical constituents and clinical practices, yet many active constituents, such as antibiosis and decompression, have not been found. Many pharmacological researches are only in use of the extract. So making a thorough research on its chemical constituents and pharmacological actions, elucidating the relation between chemical constituents and clinical practices further, are very necessary to guide clinical druging and develop new drugs. At present, there are no reports about alkaloids and polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC.. So we studied alkaloids and polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC..The first part of this thesis is a summary of alkaloids, including the classification and distribution of alkaloids, the significance of alkaloids in phytochemical classification, the bioactivities of alkaloids, the assaying methods of alkaloid's content, the research on artificial synthesis and structure of alkaloids, the application of cell culture technology in alkaloid's production and the prospect of alkaloid's application. Next we discussed the present situation of chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical practices of Cirsium japonicum DC..In the second part, we studied the extraction, isolation and structure identification of alkaloids. Above all, we confirmed that Cirsium japonicum DC. contained alkaloids and polysaccharides by pretest. Through the detection of water soluble alkaloids, we knew that alkaloids from Cirsium japonicum DC. is not water soluble, but liposoluble. So during the extraction, we needn't consider the influence of water soluble alkaloids. In order to get more total alkaloids for isolation further, we compared the extraction rate of three different methods-water or acid water extraction, alcoholic solventextraction and liposoluble solvent extraction. The rate of alcoholic solvent extraction is the highest, so we selected 95%EtOH as solvent to extract. The alcoholic extract concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved by diluted acid, degreased with CHC13 and Et2O, alkalified with NH3·H2O, extracted by organic solvent. At last we got coarse alkaloids after concentration. Then we refined it through acid dissolution alkalization and extraction by organic solvent. Next we determined the content of total alkaloids is 0.02% by gravimetric analysis. In order to search for the optimum isolated conditions of every monomer, we did TLC tests to total alkaloids. According to the results of tests, we isolated total alkaloids by silica gel column chromatography, respectively used benzoLacetidin:diethylamine=7:2:1 and acetidinxhloroformrdiethylamine-8:1:1 to elute and got two alkaloid monomers: CJ- I and CJ- II. Through chemical and spectral methods, we knew that CJ- I may be acanthoine. CJ- II was not identified because of its little quantity.In the third part, we studied the extraction, decontamination, isolation and formula weight assaying of polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC.. The polysaccharides were extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, scrubbed precipitant with 95%EtOH and acetone, then vacuum dried to get coarse polysaccharides (CJ). There are lots of impurities in water extracted polysaccharides, such as protein and inorganic salt. Their existences added difficulties of polysaccharide's isolation. So we must get rid of them. Protein in the precipitants was removed by Sevag method. Inorganic salt was removed by dialysis method. The effects are good. CJ was still a mixture after deprotein and dialysis. It needed isolating further according to formula weight. The products were isolated with DEAE-cel...