Studies On The Michael Reaction Under Ultrasound Irradiation

Studies on the Michael reaction have been carried out under ultrasound irradiation. This thesis consists of four chapters:Chapter 1: Michael addition of chalcones with active methylene compounds such as diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate and nitromethane catalyzed by potassium hydroxide in anhydrous ethanol results Michael adducts in 72-98% yield under ultrasound irradiation in 25-150min. The present methods have the additional advantages of milder reaction conditions; shorter reaction time; high yield and easy of work up.Chapter 2: The Michael reaction of chalcones as acceptors with various of active methylene compounds such as diethyl malonate, nitromethane, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone as donors catalyzed by KF/basic alumina results adducts in high yield within 10-240min under ultrasound irradiation. The obvious advantages of the present procedure are milder conditions and environmental friendly. Chapter 3: Synthesis of 2-aroyl-l,3,5-triaryl-4-carbethoxy-4-cyanocyclohexanols from chalcones with ethyl cyanoacetate is carried out in excellent yields with KF/basic alumina as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. In this paper, we have demonstrated a facile method for the synthesis of cyanocyclohexanols.Chapter 4: Synthesis of 1,5-diary 1-1,4-pentadien-3-ones from acetone or benzalacetone with aromatic aldehydes results in 86-97% yield with potassium hydroxide as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation in 5-60min. The present method have the advantages of milder reaction, high yield and easy of work up.