Study On Chemical Composition Of The Pod Of Gleditsia Sinensis And Its Saponins Extraction Technique

Gleditsia sinensis Lam is abundant in China and its output is tremendous. In order to utilize this precious plant resource, the chemical compositions and the extraction technique of saponins in the pod of Gleditsia sinensis Lam have been systematically in this study.The research on Gleditsia sinensis Lam from different areas indicated that the content of seed, pod, saponin and albumen wasn't equal, even if the performance of polysaccharide gum wasn't same. Especially the saponins content changed from 20% to 32%. System pre-examination showed that the pod contained chemical components such as saponin, tannins, protein, alkaloids, organic acid, carbohydrates, and axunge. It's known that there was 32.00% saponin, 16.90% cellulose, 26.27%general cellulose, 15.02% acid infusibility xylogen, 2.73% acid solution xylogen, 6.65% calcium pectinate, and 8.15% crude protein in Beijing Gleditsia sinensis by quantitative determination.The pod of Gleditsia sinensis was extracted with water, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and their efficiencies were compared. The result showed that water as solvent had best extraction efficiency. Moreover, water is cheap, safe, innoxious and low demand to equipment, so it was used to extract saponins in the research. Comparing two purification methods which were n-butanol extraction and ethanol solution, it's found that ethanol solution was better. Spectrophotometer standard curve has been built to control the quality of saponins. In the part of technique of water extraction, the effect of temperature, time, solid-liquid rate have been investigated to obtain better technique range. Orthogonal design was used to optimize extraction technique and acquired optimum technique conditions after the single factor experiments were done. They were temperature 45℃, time 18h, solid-liquid rate 1:10, 3times. It's proved that the efficiency of the optimum technics was best and steady.In article hydrolyzing of the saponins was studied The saponins were hydrolyzed for 2 hours with 1mol/L HC1 in water bath at 80℃ to produce two sapogenins. One was oleanolic acid, another was likely to echinocystic acid. In the end the performance of saponins was determined, they were pH3.84, HLB10-13, the ability of anti-hard-water>65mL, emulsification 9.5min, foam height 155mm, CMC 0.01 g/L, surface tension 43.76mM/M. Comparing with synthetic surfactant, it was showed that their performances were similar, which proved that the saponins was an excellent crude surfactant and the optimum technique was reasonable and executive.The result of this research will offers reliable warranty for the industrializedextraction and application of the Gleditsia saponins.