| A famous Nobel Price winner, Feyneman, once predicted in 1960s that if we could control the arrangement of the materials at a micro scale, we could obtain a large amount of interesting characteristics of these materials. Also we could find out great changes of materials' functions. Those materials he mentioned are the materials now we call "nano materials".In nano-size world, what we are most interested in is to develop sensors and corresponding devices that have the similar size with biological apparatus. As a result, nano materials have potential applications at fabricating biosensors. When nano particles and nano solids are used as sensor materials, due to their huge surface area and interface, they have great surface activity. They have strong interaction effect with their surrounding materials and they are sensitive to the outside circumstance, such as temperature, light, and humidity. The change from outside circumstance may cause the change of ionic valency and electron transportation in nano materials' surface and interface. Therefore, nano materials are regarded as one of the most potential materials to fabricate sensors.The analysis and detection of the active materials in vivo are important to the achievement of chemical and biological information during the vital process. They are also important to explaining the living activities mechanism and diagnosing diseases. With the continuous development of life science, the bound of human study are ranging to cell and single molecule degree. What we need is to realize the biological molecules detections in situ and in vivo at a more microscopic scale. Many conventional and traditional biological and analytical methods and way are facing huge challenges. One of the way to resolve these problems is to realize the miniaturization of the chemical and biological sensors. Combining all the novel development of materials, chemistry, optics, biology and detection technique, it is possible to manufacturing this kind of sensor. In recent years, there are reports aboutthe micro-meter-biosensor, nano-biosensor, and image biosensor. The same characters of these sensors are small volume, high sensitivity, short reaction time, little sample, detection living cells without damage, and mobile analysis.Electron transportation is common in vital process, and is the basic movement of living activity. Therefore, using the electrochemical methods to study proteins and biological small molecules has the special advantages. Electrochemical methods can imitate all kinds of oxidation-reduction reaction that happens inside the body at a mile condition. On the other hand, the imitation the electron transportation of living process will found theoretical base for designing and fabricating biomimetic sensors, also for developing and exploiting biological electronic devices.The main work of this paper is focus on one of the most active field where nano technique combines with electroanalytical chemistry, developing and fabrication novel modified electrodes based on nano materials (electrochemical sensors). The emphasis of this paper is to find out and study the advantages of nano material modified electrodes comparing with the conventional and traditional modified electrodes. Besides, the other emphasis of the paper is to apply these novel nano material modified electrodes to realizing the detection and analysis of some biological molecules, which may provide many important analytical methods for the life science and relative fields. What we have done is to try our best to combine the nano technique, life science with electroanalytical chemistry firmly. The details are listed below.Chapter I: PrefaceNano material is one of the novel materials to which scientists are paying more and more attention, due to its high surface active, special size effect, catalytic effect and wide application potential. When the unit of material decreases to nano size, the material' special surface effect, volume effect, electrical character, magnetic characters and chemical characters may change greatly. Therefore,... |
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