The Extraction And Analysis Of Polysaccharides And Usnic Acid From Two Kinds Of Usnea In Altay Mt.

There are abundant of lichen resourses in China, especially Usnea. And all species in this genera are wild. The officinal value of Usnea is very high and spread all over grass. The Usnea can get rid of fever, toxin, cough, sputum, hemostasia, and cure of headache,red eyes, cough, impaludism, trauma hemorrhage, viper bite and so on. At the same time, the usnes tea is the famous officinal tea in our China. But interiorly the understand of usnea is very lack. The literature of Usnea longissima about usnea acid and usnea amylose is very lacking too. The Usnea subfloridana is studied for the first time in domestic. Usnea belongs to Ascolichens,Lecanorales,Usneaceae. The experiment material of this thesis is Usnea subfloridana and Usnea longissima. This thesis will optimize the extraction technology of usnea polysaccharides about two kinds of usnea and carry through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Besides, this thesis also include that the optimal extraction technics of usnea acid, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of usnea acid and the primary study of antibacterial activity of usnic acid. Extraction technics of usnea polysaccharides about two kinds of usnea and qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis indicate that the extraction technics of Usnea subfloridana and Usnea longissima is very resemble. The water volume is 200ml(4g),the abstract time is 2 hours, and three times. The optimal deposit consisitency of ethanol is 80%,volume 1:1. But the extraction temperature of Usnea longissima polysaccharides is 60~70℃, Usnea subfloridana polysaccharides is 70~80℃. The volume ratio of Usnea longissima polysaccharides that got rid of dissociative protein with sevag reagent is 3:1,repeat four times, shake 30 min each time. And that The volume ratio of Usnea subfloridana polysaccharides that get rid of dissociative protein with sevag reagent is 3:1, repeat five times, shake 30 min each time. Aether degrease, dialyse stay overnight with distilled water.In this way the extraction technics of usnea polysaccharides achieve better deposit, get rid of protein, degrease, decolor effect. The total content of Usnea longissima polysaccharides was 76.6%, that the Usnea subfloridana polysaccharides was 80.9%. The pure polysaccharides of Usnea subfloridana is 14.12%, that the Usnea longissima is 12.75%. The TLC testified that the component of two kinds of usnea is same, the polysaccharides is poly glucosesaccharide. The Extraction technics of usnic acid, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, antibacterial experiment indicated that the Usnea subfloridana contain 0.8% usnic acid, the Usnea longissima contain 0.6%. By means of mensurate melting point, TLC and NMR proved that the crystal is usnic acid. The bacteria consisitence is between 4.1×107 and 4.3×107cells/ml. The comparison is SA and anticeptic BA. The minimal antibacterial consistence of the usnic acid to Saccharomyces cerevisiae , staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were 0.61 mg/mL, 0.537 mg/mL , 0.537 mg/mL , 1.77 mg/mL,respectively. The resultes demonstracted that antibacterial activity of the usnic acid for various bacterias was different. The result showed that the usnic acid is a kind of broad-spectrum antibiotic. The usnic acid is a kind of nature anticeptic which abstracted from lichens, the security is very reliable. The reagent contains usnic acid, have good curative effect to cancer patient.