The Research About The Pollution Mechanism Of Heavy Metals In Rivers Of The Goldfield Of Shaanxi Tong'guan

Not only the continual development of economic but also health and survival of human being have been serious effected by environment pollution. Along with the day-by-day development of economic, people attach importance to environment protection more and more. China is full of energy sources, the development of mining is fast, but we pay out tremendous cost of environment at the same time. It is the urgent affairs that strengthening inspecting and evaluating of environment, researching the measures of fathering environment, advancing scheme of fathering mining environment in order to provide reference for our government.This time we samplinged and analyzed the river-water and bottom sediment in the goldfield of Shaanxi Tongguan which is the representative goldfield in China. We not only evaluated the situation of heavy metals pollution arose by mining, but also analyzed the distribution regularity about heavy metals pollution in the space and the correlation among heavy metals. In this basic, the author advanced the measures of fathering heavy metals pollution in goldfield.We designed the note table instead of the note book before gathering samples. In this way, we can note the items related with the samples in detail and avoid missing. The author discovered a way about how to deal with data quickly through practice.This paper evaluated the test result of the samples with Single pollution index and synthetic pollution index, the result is that As and Cr⁶⁺ didn't pollute the river-water, the other elements all had polluted the water and Pb is the most serious. The pollution in the river water eased gradually from Xiyu to Tongyu and the pollution had no obvious rise and fall trend from upper steam to down stream.This paper evaluated the test result of the samples with Index of Geoaccumulation and synthetic pollution index. The result is that the bottom sediment had been polluted seriously and most of the Index of Geoaccumulation is big than 4. The research found that the pollutionin the bottom sediment ease slowly from Xiyu river to Tongyu river and the heavy metals pollution is unlike in the same river, As and Cr6+ almost didn't pollute the bottom sediment, but other heavy metals polluted it more seriously as a whole.Through analyzing the correlation of single pollution index, Index of Geoaccumulation and synthetic pollution index by using "Microsoft office excel", the author found that the heavy metals had no certain correlation in river-water because of the river-water's randomicity, but the heavy metals have better correlation in the bottom sediment due to the stability of bottom sediment.The whole research process showed that the rivers have been polluted gravely, so the countermeasure for mine's environmental protection and improvement must be strengthened. The author suggested deposit waste water before exhausting it, clean up the river and reclaim the heavy metals in the bottom sediment.