| ObjectivesThe present study was designed to investigate and evaluate the status of environmental quality of seawater and soils around a coastal industrial zone, which was helpful for providing scientific evidence for making prevention and control measures of environmental protecton and developing circular economy demonstration area.Methods1 Investigation and assessment of soilsThe sea offshores in a ore dock,coal dock,oil dock and bulk cargo dock were selected as water monitoring points.A sea offshores in a pre-developing spare area was selected as control. Two sampling points were set in each monitoring dock.Water samples in surface(0.5 m deep) and deep (10m deep) were selected. The concentration of 22 indicators of seawater, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), volatile phenol, actived phosphate(PO4-P),petroleum et al were determined. t-test was used to analyse the differences between the monitoring points and the control area,in whichα=0.05 was the test level. Single factor pollution index,the eutrophication index (E)and organic pollution index(A) were used to evaluate the environmental quality of seawater.2 Investigation and assessment of soilsThe steel industry,power plant,ore dock,coal dock ,oil dock and bulk cargo dock were selected as monitoring point.A pre-developing spare area was selected as control. Five sampling points were set in each monitoring point according to the plum blossom stationing method. Mixture samples of surface(5-10cm deep) soil were selected.The concentrations of Hg,As, Zn, Cr,Cd, Ni,Pb,Cu were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). t-test was used to analyse the differences between the monitoring points and the control area,in whichα=0.05 was the test level.The environmental quality status of the soils in the industial area were evaluated by calculating single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index.Results1 The results of monitoring and assessment of seawater1.1 The monitoring results of seawater1.1.1 The monitoring results of surface and deep seawater in MarchMarch in 2009, there were no oil film, floating foam and other suspended matters in surface seawater of each monitoring point. There was no peculiar color,stench and smell in the surface and deep water.In surface seawater,the content of DO in coal dock was lower than in control area, with the mean of 9.7 mg/L.In surface seawater,the content of BOD5 in oil dock was higher than in control area, with the mean of 6.1mg/L.In surface seawater,the contents of DIN in oil dock, ore dock,bulk cargo dock and coal dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.289mg/L, 0.283 mg/L ,0.297 mg/L and 0.299 mg/L,respectively.In deep seawater, the contents of DIN in each monitoring point was higher than in control area.In deep seawater,the contents of PO4-P in oil dock and ore dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.022mg/L,0.018mg/L respectively. In surface and deep seawater, the contents of petroleum in oil dock and ore dock were higher than in control area. In surface seawater, the content of Cu in oil dock was higher than in control area,with the mean of 0.096 mg/L.In deep seawater,it in ore dock was higher than in control area,with the mean of 0.098 mg/L. There were not statistically significant difference between the content of remaining indicators in other monitoring points and in control .1.1.2 The monitoring results of surface and deep seawater in SeptemberSeptember in 2009, there were no oil film, floating foam and other suspended matters in surface seawater of each monitoring point. There was no peculiar color,stench and smell in the surface and deep water. In surface seawater,the content of BOD5 in oil dock was higher than in control area, with the mean of 6.2mg/L.In deep seawater,the contents of DIN in ore dock, bulk cargo dock and coal dock were higher than in control area.In surface seawater, the content of BOD5 in each monitoring point was higher than in control area.In deep seawater,the contents of PO4-P in ore dock, bulk cargo dock and coal dock were higher than in control area. In surface seawater, the contents of PO4-P in each monitoring point was higher than in control area. In deep seawater, the contents of Cu and petroleum in oil dock and ore dock were higher than in control area.In surface seawater, the contents of Cu and petroleum in each monitoring point was higher than in control area. There were not statistically significant difference between the content of remaining indicators in other monitoring points and in control.1.2 The assessment results of single factor pollution index1.2.1 The assessment results of single factor pollution index of seawater in MarchIn addition to control area, the single factor pollution index of BOD5 in surface seawater was greater than one,and the contents exceeded the forth class standard. The single factor pollution index of petroleum in surface and deep water of oil dock,ore dock and bulk cargo dock were greater than one,and the contents exceeded the forth class standard.The single factor pollution index of Cu in surface and deep water of all monitoring points were greater than one, and the contents exceeded the forth class standard. In March, the single factor pollution index of Hg in surface water of ore dock and in deep water of all monitoring points was greater than one, and the contents exceeded the forth class standard.1.2.2 The assessment results of single factor pollution index of seawater in SeptemberThe single factor pollution index of BOD5 in surface seawater of all monitoring points were greater than one, and the contents exceeded the forth class standard.The single factor pollution index of DIN in surface seawater of bulk cargo dock and coal dock and in deep seawater of ore dock were greater than one, and the contents exceeded the forth class standard. The single factor pollution index of petroleum,Cu and Hg in all monitoring points were greater than one,and the contents exceeded the forth class standard.1.3 The evaluation results of eutrophication index(E)In March, the range of eutrophication index was 2.37~4.77.The eutrophication index of seawater in oil dock was highest ,while that in control area was lowest. In September, the range of eutrophication index was 1.67~7.86. The eutrophication index of seawater in ore dock was highest. In addition to the control area, the degree of eutrophication in other areas in September was higher than in March.1.4 The evaluation results of organic pollution index(A)In March, the organic pollution index was less than 0,and the water quality was good. In September, the range of organic pollution index was 1.71~ 2.11. The organic pollution degree of oil dock was the third class,and the seawater was slightly polluted. The organic pollution degree of the other areas were second class,and the seawater began to be contaminated. In addition to the control area, the degree of organic pollution index in all areas in September was higher than in March.2 The results of monitoring and assessment of soils2.1 The monitoring results of soils in MarchThe contents of Ni and Cu in steel industrial,power plant , oil dock and ore dock were higher than in control area,and the mean of Ni were 160mg/kg,156 mg/kg,83mg/kg,144 mg/kg,and the mean of Cu were 130 mg/kg ,193 mg/kg,138 mg/kg,243 mg/kg ,respectively. The contents of Cd in steel industrial,power plant and bulk cargo dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.58 mg/kg,0.52 mg/kg and 0.39 mg/kg respectively. The contents of Hg in power plant,ore dock and bulk cargo dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.92 mg/kg,0.36 mg/kg,0.54 mg/kg respectively. There were not statistically significant difference between the content of remaining indicators in other monitoring points and in control .2.1 The monitoring results of soils in SeptemberThe contents of Ni and Cu in steel industrial,power plant, oil dock and ore dock were higher than in control area,and the mean of Ni were 172mg/kg,152mg/kg,84mg/kg,147mg/kg,and the mean of Cu were 217mg/kg ,197 mg/kg,146 mg/kg,250mg/kg,respectively. The contents of Cd in steel industrial,power plant and bulk cargo dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.72 mg/kg,0.65 mg/kg,0.52mg/kg respectively.The contents of Hg steel industrial, power plant,ore dock,bulk cargo dock and coal dock were higher than in control area, with the mean of 0.54 mg/kg,0.98 mg/kg,0.32 mg/kg,0.59 mg/kg,0.25 mg/kg,respectively. There were not statistically significant difference between the content of remaining indicators in other monitoring points and in control.2.2 The assessment results of single factor pollution indexThe single factor pollution index of 8 heavey metal in surface soils were less than one, and the contents did not exceed the standard values.2.3 The result of integrated pollution indexThe integrated pollution index of all monitoring points were less than 0.7,which suggest that the industrial soil was clean. In March, the integrated pollution index of power plant was 0.60,and it was higher than the others.The integrated pollution index of control area was 0.15,and it was lower than the others.In september, the integrated pollution index of steel industrial was 0.66,and it was still higher than the others. The integrated pollution index of ore dock was 0.24,and it was lower than the others.Conclusions1 The contents of DIN,BOD5,petroleum,Cu,Hg exceeded the forth class standard in seawater around the industrial areas.2 The seawater was in the state of eutrophication. In addition to the control area, the degree of eutrophication in other areas in September was higher than in March.3 In March, the seawater was not polluted by organic,and the water quality was good. In September, the seawater of oil dock was slightly polluted and the other areas began to be contaminated.In addition to the control area, the degree of organic pollution in other areas in September was higher than in March.4 The contents of 8 heavey metal in surface soils did not exceed the standard values and the industrial soil was clean , but Ni, Cu, Cd and Hg contents of the soils in some areas were higher than in control area. |
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