| According to previous research work, the sulfoacetic acid disodium salt was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction in this paper. The target product was synthesized by using chloroacetic acid and ethyl chloroacetate as raw material and sulfite sodium as sulfonating agent. The effects of reaction temperature, reactant ratio, solvent ratio and reactant concentration on conversion were studied; we identified a good reaction condition by using orthogonal experiment and gave a preliminary analysis on the mechanism of reaction. When we use chloroacetic acid as raw material, the optimum reaction condition is: reaction temperature 50℃, reactant mole ratio 1.2:1, chloroacetic acid concentrate 1.2M, which give the yield of 53.42%; when we use ethyl chloroacetate as raw material, the optimum reaction condition is: reaction temperature 70℃, solvent ratio 85:15, reactant mole ratio1.40:1, which give the yield of 50.23%. The results show that the method which synthesize sulfoacetic acid disodium by using chloroacetic acid and ethyl chloroacetate as raw material and sulfite sodium as sulfonating agent by nucleophilic substitution reaction is feasible. In the course of reaction, the concentration of chlorine ion was identified by using electric potential analysis method, in order to estimate reaction degree and reckon the yield. The product was separated and purified by crystal method, the structure was validated by the information provided from FTIR, IC and element analysis. The results show that the product is sulfoacetic acid disodium salt. At last, we calculate the structure of the target product by quantum chemistry, we get the information of energy, bond length, bond angle and IR spectrum by this calculation. There is a good consistency between the calculated results and experimental results according to compare the results, which show the FH and MP2 methods are reasonable.
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