The Discovery Of Nuclear Fission--Case Analyzed

Many scientific achievements are linked to many people's contribution. They prepare the stage for science, do essential and hard basic work. To individual, they are often unbeknown, are lost, their work are nonsensical, meaningless, even are false. But to the whole, they are indispensably needed. We look back the history, review these processes, we will find it is that nonsensical work which brings real influential result. The discovery of nuclear fission is a typical case. This period is a long and complicated one, is an outcome among some teams'communication and cooperation. These teams were "scientific community", worked independently at different places, but cooperated by some kinds of ways, eliminated inaccurate theories, found new phenomenon constantly. Meanwhile, they misguided each other, go to far on a wrong way together for a long time. This paper reaches some philosophic conclusions by analyzing this period. The article is divided into 7 parties. The first part looks back the history and physics constitution at that time. The second part tells the paradigm's transformation during this course. Here a concept---small paradigm is brought up, shows the sameness and difference compared with "paradigm"in Kuhn's theory .From analysis, we know discovery of unclear fission is a partial scientific revolution. Teams'work has validated and exceeded the mode of scientific discovery. The third part expatiates on the effect of knowledge structure of scientists. By analyzing members'different knowledge backgrounds which lead to different results, we know this is where the complementarity of members'knowledge backgrounds so acutely emerge. The forth discusses importance of cooperation among scientists. The third and forth parties are ones of reasons cause paradigm revolution. The sixth part is the detours encountered in this period and lessons to be drawn. The last part is brief summary. Some theories and phenomenon in nuclear physics run through this paper.