The Compare Research Of Ingredient Of Ginger Extraction With Different Distilling Methods

Generally speaking, what we called "ginger" in our daily life is just the tender stem of ginger. Ginger is a perennial herbaceous zingiber and originated from Southeast China. With a long history in China ,planting of ginger have been spreading far and wide ,especially in Shichuan Province, the middle and south of China. The studies for the components and functions of ginger are widely going on. So far, we have known: ginger's smell and flavor are determined by the essential oil (volatile oil), its piquancy comes from gingerol (elements of oleoresin) and it has a great deal of trace elements and good-for-health components. Being an ancient spacey, gingers are also the raw materials for medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. So complicated, the amount of the chemical make-ups of ginger found by humans amount to over 100. They are divided into 3 main categories: naphtha, gingerol and Diarylheptanoids. In addition, ginger has some kinds of aminophenols and vitamins, curcumin and many trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Ge and so on. At present, since a great many of experts have studied the techniques for extracting ginger oil many times, our techniques are advanced. However, in the other fields, such as the analyze for the chemical make-ups of the extract naphtha and essential oil, the recognizing of the effective elements of ginger, the synthesis of the ginger's make-ups and the study of the framework of raw gingerol, we are still short of attention to research. Thus, being significant for the breeding and planting of ginger's quality, the study of different methods used for exterminating ginger's effective components will determine the development, application, processing and storing of gingers.Wet distillation, impregnation method, pressing method, ultrasonic extraction, liquid CO₂ impregnation and supercritical CO₂ fluid are main methods for processing gingers. According to different processing methods and extract make-ups, we can get 2 products: essential oil and oleoresin. And the best technical conditions for the working of impregnation method are: 1.the size of grain is 30 orders;2.the production of materials to impregnate is 1:10. Extractionof chemical make-ups from gingers falls into two parts: analyze for essential oil and study for gingerol. Nowadays, in the processes of analyze;we almost use TLC, HPLG, GC, GC-MS, SPME. Nevertheless, we never use only one of them to work, but interestedly use them in order to work better. With capsaicin as a standard, we did our experiments by HPLG What's more, besides IR and TLC, we used UV to determine reactants' absorbency according to gingerol's characteristics. And then, vanillin as a standard, we estimated gingerol's content, and with rutin as a standard, we checked the flavonoid of gingers.After checking and comparing, we find: 1.By using of organic solvent impregnation for extracting of oleoresin, extract rate is very low;2.Through spetrogram, after our 3 experiments, we can see remains of organic solvent which will decrease the accuracy. Moreover the organic solvent recovery will cost a lot of energy and the remains in samples will destroy the sample's quality. However, organic solvent impregnation method is not complex and costly. So it is suit for cosmically industry production.By comparison, supercritical CO2 fluid method can extract effective components from gingers completely. It has several advantages: no violent remains, easy to choose, being under control. Using of supercritical CO2 fluid method can prevent losing low boiling point, essential oil and prevent destroying heat sensitive substances by high heat. It can extract various kinds of effective components quickly and avoiding violent remains. In this way, the quality and appearance of our products can be improved and become natural, safe, and health.Comparing supercritical CO2 fluid method to solvent impregnation method, supercritical CO2 fluid can do better to extract effective components from gingers.