Formation And Characterization Of Low Dimension Nanomaterials

Nanotechnology will absolutely be dominant in all science fields in 21st century, which will bring an unprecedented induatrial revolution. Nanotechnology makes means and capability of recognizing and rebuilding the physical world extend to level of atom and molecule. It is a hotspot in the presental research of materials science. The nanomaterial is the basis of the application of nanotechnology. Now, the scientists are going for the research of studying nanomaterial character such as component, structure, morphogenesis, dimensions and arrangement etc., in order to acquire prospective functions.This paper mainly introduces the way of preparation and characterization of the low dimension of nanomaterials. According to material phase, preparation methods are to be divided into three classes: solid phase reaction, liquid phase reaction and gas phase reaction. We mostly systematically expatiate condition for synthesize, such as temperature, pressure. The structure, morphology and character of the nanomaterials were employed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/Max-2400X, Rigaku Co., Japan), transmission election microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800), photoluminescence apparatus and so on. The important results are as follows:1. Formation of Si nanowiresWe manufactured apparatus by ourselves, which may synthesize many kinds of nanopowders. Si nanoparticles were synthesized by cathode arc plasma using this machine. TEM indicates: morphology is globle and the diameter is 30nm. Si nanowires have been catalytically synthesized by heat treatment of Si nanoparticles. This synthesized technique is novel and simple. We expound SiNWs formation mechanism by sketch map. In our sample, a small of Si nanotubes were appeared and experiment contidion was discussed.2. formation of ZnB₄O₇ nanomaterialsWe synthesized ZnB₄O₇ nanowires and test their character. Through changeexperiment conditions, we succeed to synthesize ZnB^ nanotubes and explain their formation mechanism. We propose a curved-sheet quasi-template mechanism for the formation of ZnE^O? nanotubes.3. Formation and characterization of CdS nanomaterialsThe dendritic CdS nanocrystal was solvothermally synthesized in the water solution. When Zn was doped into CdS, the morphology has changed to be shuttle. The photoluminescence (PL) red emission peaks of CdS and Zn doped CdS were discussed respectively in order to optimize material function.4. Formation and characterization of ZnO nanomaterialsWe synthesized ZnO nanocrystal by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which nanostructure include nanowires, dendritic nanowires, nanobelts as well as nanocombs and discussed experiment conditions. Magnetic nanostructutres of iron-doped zinc oxide were fabricated by CVD method which nanostructures contain nanowires, nanobelts and nanocombs. The PL of Fe doped ZnO was discussed and displays the broad green-yellow emission band.