Preparation Of Nanomaterials By Arc Plasma And Hydrothermal

New materials are the basic and carriers of the development of science and technology, Nanotechnology will absolutely be dominant in all scientific fields in 21st century, which will bring an unprecedented indusatrial revolution, The nanomaterial is the basis of the application of nanotechnology ,one-dimensional nanomaterials have received steadliy growing intersts as a result of their peaculiar and fascinating properties, applications superior to their bulk counterparts, but also their potential application in the fields of electronic,magnetic recording, optoclectronic and so on. Therefore,it become the frontier and focus of the nano-materials. Now, the scientists are studying the characters of nanomaterial such as components, structures, morphogenesis, and arrangement etc, in order to acquire some prospective functions.In this paper, polycrystalline Si nanotubes filled with singel crystal Sn metal, SiO₂ nanotubes filled with Sn, Si and ZnS nanowires by movable cathode induced plasma method, biycrystal cupric oxide (CuO) microsheets were synthesized by hydrothermal route. The structure, morphology and character of the nanomaterials were employed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/Max-2400X, Rigaku Co., Japan), transmission election microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS, PHI-5702) apparatus and so on. Explor the new methods which is using the movable cathode induced plasma to prepare one-dimensional nanimaterial. Study the growth mechanism of this one-dimensional nanomaterials prepared by arc plasma. Analysis the growth mechanism of biycrystal cupric oxide (CuO) microsheets were synthesized by hydrothermal route.The main results and conclusions can be summarized as following:1 Formation of one-dimensional nanomaterais by arc plasma methods(1), Formation of polycrystalline Si nanotubes filled with singel crystal Sn metal by a movable cathode induced plasma, by which Si and Sn powders were melted. The results shows: it has a two-layered structure, the outer laywer is the polycrystalline Si nanotube and the interior is single crystal Sn. Most of the product has a homogeneous diameter of about 30-50nm, and length ranging from servral tens to several hundreds nanometer.(2), By the same method and under the same conditions as in (1), using SiO₂ and Sn powders as the reactants, SiO₂ nanotubes filled with Sn metal were also prepared. Their diameters are about 30nm, and length about 300nm. The Sn metal only filled in the top region of the SiO₂ nanotubes, which is different from the case of Si nanotubes, and the mechanism was discussed.(3), Si and ZnS nanowires were synthesized by change the metallic catalyst and by the same method as in (1). The growth mechanism of these nanowires was also disscussed.2 The biycrystal cupric oxide (CuO) microsheets were synthesized by hydrothermal route. Large quantities of nanosheets in uniform foldout-like shape were found in our products. The fringe and both surfaces are smooth. The length of most nanosheets was in the range of 30-40 micrometers, while the width was in the range of several micrometers and the thickness was about several tens of nanometers. The special crystal growth mechanism on the high pressure and tempreture has been explained..