| Having high extinction coefficient, wide spectrum, good fluorescence function and the higher stability, indocyanine dyes are widely used in photography, laser dyes, optical disc, biological analysis etc.In this paper, the structure of indocyanine dyes as well as their synthesis and new applications are briefly reviewed. Several quaternary salts of heterocyclic for monomethine indocyanine dyes are prepared by improving method on literatures. According to the principle of green synthesis, there are four kinds of (three novel compound) unsymmetrical monomethine indocyanine dyes are synthesized with the assistance of microwave irradiation in the absence of any solvent. In order to get optimized experiment conditions, we also examine the effect of microwave power and irradiation time on yield. Meanwhile, four dyes have been characterized by 1H NMR, MS, IR, UV-vis. The UV-vis spectrum of 1,1',3,3-tetramethyl-indo-2'-quinoline monomethine cyanine dye is studied in different solvents, and the obvious dissimilarity of the extinction coefficient, λmax and peak shape is found.With the assistance of microwave irradiation, catalyzed by piperidine, there are 8 kinds of styrylcyanine and 6 kinds of dimethincyanine with indole nucleus are synthesized without any solvent. The products have been identified by 1H NMR, IR, UV-vis. The microwave-assisted solvent-free preparation of indocyanine dyes offers several advantages including short reaction times, cleaner reaction profiles and simple experimental/product isolation procedures. The UV-vis spectrum of 3,3-dimethyl-l-propyl-2-(2'-furan vinyl) indole iodide is measured in different solvents. The fluorescence spectrum and UV-Vis spectrum of 3,3-dimethyl-l-ethyl-2-(4'-dimethylamido styryl) indole iodide is studied in different solvents and in different pH respectively. The UV-Vis spectra of the dimethincyanine dyes with different anions have been researched. The stability of dimethincyanine dyes in methanol also has been studied.
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