Controllable Synthesis Of Nanoparticles In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid

The environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect, air pollution, water pollution, have been got more and more attention. In recent years, the developed countries harness the environmental problem from passiveness to explore new production process and technology, reduce headstream of pollution and manufacture friendly environmental production. The green technology is considered the hotspot and important technological forntier of chemical engineering technique and chemical research. Supercritical fluids are attractive substitute for petroleum-based organic solvents in chemical reaction due to their potential properties. The supercritical fluid technology is an entirely new chemical engineering technology and has peculiar physicochemical property, take a broad application in chemical field.The preparation of nanoparticles has been considered the pop domain in high and new-technology industries. Nanoparticles are functional materials, and moreover, open out a broad application of new compounds with functional materials. Therefore, nanopaticals obtain extensive use in many fields such as material, chemical engineering, biology and medicine. Supercritical fluid technology used to synthesize nanoparticles is a new technique in recent years. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:1. Two methods were used to synthesize a series of AOT (Aerosol-OT, AOT) analogues surfactants containing hydrocarbon nonpolar tails. Sodium dibutyl sulfosuccinate (DBSS), sodium dipentyl sulfosuccinate (DPSS), sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (DHSS) and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) were synthesized and characterized with H NMR and elemental analysis. The optimal reaction condition was obtained. The solubility of these surfactants in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) at temperature range from 35 to 65 ℃ and under pressure range of 10 to 30 MPa were measured using a static method coupled with gravimetric analysis. The effect factors of solubility such as temperature and pressure in scCO₂ and HFC-134a were determined. The disciplinarian between solubility and surfactant category was also determined. It is found that the solubilities of these...