The Screening Of The Chitinase And Cellulase Creation Fungi And The Investigation Of The Activity Of Both The Enzymes

In agricultural production, the damage caused by plant diseases and insect pests is very heavy. The chemical pesticide has been in the dominant position. All the time because of its characters that fast, broad spectrum to insect killing, using easily, low cost and et cetera. But the negative influence makes its applications limited resulting from the pesticide's high toxicity, high residue and drug resistance inducing and so on. The chemical pesticide is largely prone to destroy ecological balance and human health and results in the loss in economic benefit. Although researches on biological control about pest has got promising achievements, the changes and evolutions in the whole system under people influences can not be considered in the overall ecosystem situation. It is because researchers usually focus on the role of preventing and controlling measure to pest whereas the potential of variation and adaptation and counteraction of the pest has been ignored. Thus the development and application of the biological pesticide with safety, high performance, low residue has become a trendency. Moreover, with the demands from the quantity and quality of grain and agricultural subsidiary products increasingly enhanced, the market of biological pesticide is more and more promising.Chitin is an unbranched homopolyer ofβ-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is widely distributed in nature. It is considered to be the second most abundant and renewable polymer in the world. It is just secondary to cellulose. Chitinases is the enzymes which can degrade chitin, they hydrolyze theβ-(1,4) linkages of chitin. Chitinases occur in a wide range of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, insects, plant, and animals. In fungi, chitinases are most commonly shown to play the autolytic, nutritional, and morphogenetic roles. Hence, in agricultural, biological and environmental fields chitinases have shown a great potential application.With the increase of population, energy crisis, food shortage, and environmental pollution has become serious problems on earth. Thus searching and developing for new energy, saving foodstuff, and reducing environmental pollution become the focus all over the world.The investigation focus on the exploitation of resources of the fungi in the environment, by the plate methods to the isolation and purification of the fungi. And screening the Chitinase and Cellulase creation fungi by Congo red plate, then inroder to detect the exact activity of the enzymes, then by estimate the activity ,the transparency cycle is used to determination it roughly. To exactly test the activity ,use the DNS reducing sugar method to test it .And approach the inhibition of the Chitinase to pathogenic fungus, the experiment suggests that one of the fungi which produce high activity may have the effect to inhibit the four common Candida sp.. And the other investigation find that except the Trichoderma sp. and the Aspergillus sp. which can be the most Cellulase production fungus, Candida sp. may be the other high production fungus ,because of the short cultivation time and othermerits, this kind of fungi can be used conveniently in industrialized production.