| ZnO has become one of the most popular topics in the field of optoelectronic research because of the achievement of the room-temperature optically pumped ultraviolet emission and the discovery of the self-assembled resonant cavity. It has been widely used in the field of aceflight,communication,and sanitation etc.Nanometer ZnO have many special mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic, calorifics and chemical properties which differ from the corresponding bulk material due to their size effect, surface effect and quantum effect, thereby making them attractive for many new applications in industry as well as high-tech fields. However, many intriguing questions require answer even now. It is important to explore novel methods for synthesis of nanometer ZnO with controllable size and shape and to understand the mechanism and rule of the growth process of nanometer ZnO for further applications.This thesis is based on the domestic and the foreign references about the preparation of nanometer ZnO. It is can be conclude that the appropriate process is: the droping way which can control the flow rate of the reaction, the pH value of reaction solution is maintained in 6, mulriple surfactant, the temperature of baking is 800℃and the time of baking in 5 hours. The product was characterized by XRD, TEM. The results show that the product with single crystal type can be prepared by direct precipitation approach in this research. The purity of product is high. Most of the particle are in ball-shape, only is in club-shape. the average particle size is less than 25nm . The products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and SEM, the results show that the products belong to a kind as the hexagonal structure of bulk ZnO and no impurity was found. In this paper, we only discussed simply the growth mechanism of ZnO crystal and the form mechanism of ZnO nanorods. So the deeper research is needed in the future.
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