| Trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA), Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFX) and Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) are widely used as disinfectant, antibiotic agent and feed additive in aquiculture respectively. They also affect the non-target organisms in the aquatic ecosystem while they are employed to act upon the target organisms in aquaculture. Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna and Xiphophorus helleri are the typical organisms of plankton, zooplankton and fish in aquatic ecosystem. The toxic effects of these three Pharmaceuticals on Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna and Xiphophorus helleri were studied in this research.The results showed that TCCA was extreme high-toxic to Chlorella pyrenoidosa, while CPFX was mid-toxic. The 96h EC50 were 0.31mg·L-1 and 20.61mg·L-1, respectively, the security concentration was 0.03mg·L-1 and 2.06mg·L-1, respectively. Over the range of 0.05mg·L-1～0.32mg·L-1, an adaptive inducement phenomenon was observed on Phase I Metabolic Enzyme (EROD) and Phase II Metabolic Enzyme (GSH, GST and CAT) in TCCA exposure. EROD, GST, GSH and CAT enzymes showed "bell" inducement curves. CAT was strongly induced among all tested enzymes. Over the range of 2.34mg·L-1～ 70.20mg·L-1, CPFX also showed significant inducement effects on CAT, while EROD, GST, GSH showed no significant change. CAT may be applicable to be as one of the candidate biomarkers of the toxic effects of TCCA and CPFX to Chlorella pyrenoidosa. TCCA was high-toxic, BHA was mid-toxic and CPFX was low-toxic to Daphnia magna. The 48h LC50 were 0.19mg·L-1, 3.15mg·L-1 and 135.15mg·L-1 for TCCA, BHA and CPFX respectively. The safety concentration were 0.02mg·L-1, 0.32mg·L-1 and 13.52mg·L-1, respectively. Besides the acute toxicity test, an orthogonal experiment with three factors to three levels was carried to analyze the key environmental factors including pH value, hardness and humic acid that influenced the toxicity of the three drugs. Results indicated that pH value had significant effect on the toxicity of TCCA; hardness had significant effect on the toxicity of CPFX. No significant environmental influence was observed for pH and hardness on BHA. The pH value and hardness were the key... |
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