The Synthesis Researching Of Fuel Dispersant Additives

Preparation of polyisobutene amines, particularly the synthesis process of polyisobutenylsuccinimide(PIBSA) and polyisobutene amine(PIBA) was described in the present paper.The high molecular weight polyisobutenylsuccinimide with chlorine-free, excellent heat stability and dispersing was synthesized by hot reaction. Firstly,polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of highly reactive polyisobutene with maleic anhydride. The obtained products reacted with tetraethylenepentamine in the last step to give polyisobutenyl succinimides. In this process, Cl2 was not used, so the synthesis method was without pollution and content of chlorine as low as under 30ppm. The effects of the compositions, temperature, average molecular weight of polyisobutene and reaction time on product performances were investigated by experimental study, and optimum technique conditions were determined.The second process was amination, and we found that this reaction is an instant strong exothermic reaction. It needed strictly control the reaction temperature during the production process. Based on the data and dynamics curves acquired by our experiments, the optimal industrial technique conditions were determined. And the industry reactors were analyzed and designed. The industrialization production was carried out in October 12,2003, and the industrial products with good quality and market were obtained.Henceforth, polyisobutene amine with more excellent detergence and dispersing was preliminarily studied by bromize addition and epoxidizing polyisobutene.The synthesis technique of polyisobutene amine by bromize addition reaction was researched. Bromide polyisobutene was prepared by high reactive polyisobutene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of peroxide, which is a anti-Markovnikov addition reaction. The obtained products reacted with amonnia to give polyisobutene amine. The effects of the solvent, reaction time, temperature and the quantity of initiator onproduct performances were investigated by experimental study. However ,we found that HBr was expensive and self-preparation of HBr was fussy and insecurity in this process, especially the product containing halogen. Thus we began to prepare PIBA by epoxidizing polyisobutene by consulting correlative information, whose conditions were simpler than OXO reaction, and halogen was not used in this method, which accorded with the request of the modern society for environment and fuel additives.