Study On The Problem Of Forest Ecological Benefits Compensation In China

Forestry ecological benefit services is a typical public goods, which is characteristic of enormous positive externality. Any individuals and businesses can enjoy it freely while no repayment for providers, so the providers have not enough initiative to protect it. Chinese ecological environment protection work is facing severe difficulties because of such distorted relation between environmental and economic interests. It is necessary to establish the forest ecological compensation mechanism and to adjust the distribution of environmental benefits and economic benefits among the correlative subjects. So, the beneficiaries compensate the free ecological benefit, the protector gained the economic returns, the destroyer bear the responsibility and cost of damage, the sufferer receive the financial compensation. Then the balance between the right of development and obligation of environmental protection comes true, and the harmonious development of man and nature is promoted.It is great significance for economic and social sustainable development of China to establish the forest ecological compensation mechanism, to internalize the external costs of using forest resources, and to reduce the ecological cost of economic development. On the basis of forest ecological compensation, the paper study on several core issues of payment mechanisms for forestry ecological service: the compensation payer and the receiver, the compensation fashions and ways, compensation criterion through positive analysis. Some main conclusions were as follows:(1)The value of forest ecological benefits is the upper limit of Forest ecological benefit compensation criterion, but in practice, the compensation criterion should be mainly based on the cost of providing the forestry ecological service.(2) The cost of providing the forestry ecological service is composed of three parts: direct investment cost, indirect investment cost and opportunity cost. The compensation criterion is 121.0Yuan/ hm~2 ? a according to the cost of providing the forestry ecological services.(3)There are some deficiencies in the mechanism of Chinese forestry ecological benefit compensation at present. Such as the insufficient law, the single investment approach, the absence of policy for individual; the low subsidy, the too simple compensating fashions, the unspecific compensating responsibility, and so on. It is need to improve the mechanism by means of several measures, for instance perfection of law, constitute the manage system, widen the investment approach, strengthen research on the theory of compensation.