Characteristics Of Emissions Of Air Pollutants From Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Since people may spend 90% of whole life in indoor environment, the Indoor Air Quality takes very important impacts on human health, so that it has been received more and more attention from both researchers and public. Generally there are three paths to achieve healthy indoor environment: pollution source control, ventilation, and air purify, in which, the most basic way is to control the pollution source. The thesis is aimed to quantitatively research the contaminants in ETS emitted from cigarette, to identify the strength of one of the most serious indoor pollution source—smoking. Meanwhile, to verify the real effect of air cleaning technologies, which are utilized very popularly in commercial market currently.Environmental chamber test indicated that, no SO₂ or NO₂ was found in the ETS emitted from cigarettes selected in this experiment, while concentrations of other target contaminants (CO, CH₄, NMHC, PM_2.5, VOCs, and Carbonyl compounds) were elevated greatly in the chamber. Particle was one of the serious contaminants emitted from cigarettes, and the dimension of most particles in ETS was below 1.0μm. On average, each cigarette would emit 10.58mg PM_2.5, and the proportion of organic carbon in the solid phase of ETS was very large. Most abundant individual VOCs in ETS were toluene, benzene, and dichloroethane, which accounted for the amount of 60% of total detected VOCs. The emission rates of toluene and benzene were 272.47μg/cig and 282.99μg/cig, respectively. And the emission rates of dichloroethane ranged from 257.41～384.28μg/cig. The analysis results of HPLC indicated that the most abundant carbonyl compounds emitted from ETS was acetaldehyde, followed by acetone and formaldehyde, accounting for 40.4%, 18.0% and 16.1% of detected carbonyls, respectively. On average, each cigarette would emit acetaldehyde, acetone and formaldehyde for 3266μg, 1455μg and 1301μg, when burning.Field study revealed that smoking caused serious pollution of PM_2.5, TVOC and benzene, the concentrations of which exceeded related benchmark greatly. Among detected individual VOCs, only BTEX exceeded 10μg/m³, and only concentrations of benzene were higher than the standard. When air cleaner was adopted, the result showed air cleaner was not able to reduce the max concentrations of any target contaminations, but just to accelerate the speed of descending of indoor pollutants after smoking.