A Study On Extracting Condition And Property Of Pigment From Vaccinium SPP. Fruit

Blueberry,Ericaceae.,Vaccinium SPP.,is a kind of perennial defoliate or evergreen shrub.It grows in many regions including the Europe,Russia,North America,the Alps Mountain and parts of China.Anthocyanins abundantly existed in the blueberry fruit,It is broadly used in the industry of the food,medcine and cosmetic as a natural pigment.So the study on it is very important.The author had studied the extraction conditions and properties of the pigment from the blueberry fruit in order to provide some research bases for the exploitation and utilization of the blueberry resource,and the industrialized production of the pigment from the blueberry fruit.In the experiment of coloration reaction,efficiency of dissolve and the analysis of visible spectrum,results showed that the pigment extracted from blueberry fruit was confirmed as a kind of anthocyanins.In order to study the best extraction menstruum of pigment in blueberry fruit,the absorbance of pigment extracted by different menstruum was compared,and the best extraction menstruum was as follow:95%ethanol:lmol/LHCL(v/v=85/15).To study the content of anthocyanins in blueberry fruit,Bier law was adopted.The result showed that the content of the anthocyanins in fruits was 89.8 mg/100g.Several important aspects in the extraction process of the pigment in fruits were studied from the perspective of the processing.Orthogonal experiment and Range analysis showed that the influence of different factors that effected the pigment's extraction rate is the following respectively: temperature of the extraction>time of the extraction>times of the extraction> solution/material of the extraction.The best extraction condition is 50℃,1.5h,solution/material =5:1(v/w)and four times of the extraction.The stability of the pigment under different conditions was studied.The results showed that the pigment extracted from blueberry fruit was stable when the light intensity was not higher than 586.0×10⁶lx,low pH and the environmental temperature was not higher than 60℃.And the stability would be reduced dramatically when the pH is higher than 4 and the temperature higher than 60℃; Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,H₂O₂,Sodium benzoate could damage the stability obviously;and Glucose,Sucrose, Zn²⁺,Al³⁺,K¹⁺have some effects on protecting and increasing color.To study the antibacterial effect of the pigment extracted from blueberry fruit,Liquid Culture and Filter Paper Movie were adopted,researches showed that the pigment had certain antibacterial effect on E.coli..And the effect increased with the increase of density.Compared with contrast (0.000mg/mL),when the density of Pigment was higher than 0.008mg/mL,the antibacterial effect on E.coli reached significant difference in 5%level in the Liquid Culture.And the level of the density of E.coli was 12.6%of the contrast while the density of Pigment was 0.092 mg/mL. Cbmpared with contrast(0.000mg/mL),the antibacterial effect on E.coli all reached significant difference in 1%level while the density of the pigment was 0.16mg/mL,0.97 mg/mL,1.83 mg/mL in the Filter Paper Movie method.