Study On Synthesis And Surface Properties Of Novel Gemini Surfactants

Gemini surfactants are a novel surfactants to be effective in reducing the surface activity and it have a wide application. It has been a concern of the hot spot to develop the new surfactants with special features. The characteristics of the synthesized sulfonic acid Gemini surfactants in this experiment is to make phase transfer catalyst to enhance the surface performance, reduce the Critical Micelle Concentration, and to form a micro-emulsion to increase activity of chemical reactions; Moreover, it can be used for acid catalyst as a strong acid in reaction. This kind of surfactants will have a wide application because of their dual nature.We make the general and detailed review about Gemini surfactants in this thesis, and analyze the Gemini surfactants characteristics and development. We also put forward the ideas and routes for our study, and the problem in Gemini surfactants'research. The main contents and results of investigations are as follows:(1) Take the Nonyl Phenol and 1,4-dibromobutane as the raw materials to synthesis 1,4-bis(nonyl)phenylbutyl double-aehter. It then react with Chlorosulfonic acid. We make the appropriate readjustment on the basis of predecessor method according to individual needs in the experiment process. We have carried on the structure confirmation and the nature determination to the material.(2) We take the Phenol and 1,4-dibromobutane as the raw materials. First of all,we synthesis 1,4-bisphenylbutyl double-aehter under the alkalinity condition, and then react with alkyl bromide through The Friedel-Crafts reactions to synthesis 1,4-bis(alkyl)phenylbutyl double-aehter , anhydrous aluminum trichloride use as catalyst. Finally we use the chlorosulforic acid to synthesize a series of new sulfonic acid Gemini surfactants, and use the proton magnetic spectrum, the liquid chromatography - mass spectrum and infrared methods to determine various products.(3) We determine the surface tension through the biggest bubble method, and analyzes their critical micelle concentration, C20,Г∞, Amin andπcmc parameters. Investigate the alkyl chain length, the temperature and the salinity influence on the various products surface activity. The result indicated that with the alkyl chain's lengthen, temperature elevation and salinity enlargement, cmc andγcmc will have varying degree reduction, and the surface activity enhance.(4) The synthetical Gemini surfactants with short hydrocarbon chain mixed with CTAB In accordance with the different ratio to explore the surface activity of complex system. Research shows that: after the positive and negative surfactant mixed, cmc andγcmc drop, and the surface activity has the enhancement compared with any sole surfactant. When the proportion is 2:3, the critical micelle concentration andγcmc decline larger than other ratios.