| Nanomaterial is one of the research focuses of materials science currently because of its special function in mechanics, optics, electricity, magnetic, superconductivity, acoustics. Selenide known as semiconductor materials, with many useful physicals and diamagnetics characteristics, can be used in wide application fields, such as solar cell, rectifier, selective electrode, and sensor. Carbon nitride, with high hardness,friction coefficient,good wear resistance,hydrogen storage properties,field emission characteristics, gas-sensitive properties, arose people's further research.To reduce production costs, decrease pollutions and improve product qualities, in this work, we have synthesized saveral special inorganic function nanomaterials with some novel reaction system, by the milder hydrothermal/solvothermal method and vapor–solid route, carrying out the control of the morphology and size distribution of the as-obtained products. X–ray diffraction (XRD) has been employed to characterize the phase and structure of samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the morphology and size observation. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were also taken for further confirmation of the structure.Meanwhile the stuctrues and characters of the as-obtained products were investigated on fluorescence spectra(PL), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra. The posssible mechanism was discussed.The main contents of our work are as follows:(1) Summary of nanomaterials. Main introduced the definition, development, properties and application of nanomaterials, also involving the general characterizations and preparation method. We give also reviews of the newest research on mercury selenide and carbon nitride nanomaterials.(2) Using the hydrothermal method, we have successfully synthesized periodically twinned nanotowers and nanodendrites of HgSe by varying molar raios and concentrations of the reanctants. The stuctrues and morphology of the as-prepared products were studyed by X–ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron-diffraction (ED) ,The results show the alternating twinning in the HgSe nanotowers propagate over the whole length along the [111] axis, resulting in nanotower growth along this direction. 1– 3μm tall tower with a remarkable regularity consisiting of alternating hexagon-shaped layers 10–40nm in thinkness and 80–250nm in diameter.The alternating twinned structure was observed along the [111] axis in both the trunk and the branches of the HgSe nanodendrite. The diameters of the trunks and the branches of the HgSe nanodendrites are about 150–250nm and 100–150nm , respectively. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the growth of the HgSe nanotowers and nanodendrites.(3) Using mercury selenide as precursor,different morphologies mercury selenide have been successfully synthesized through the vopoar–solid process, controling the temperature under 600℃. The stuctrues and morphology of the as–obtained products were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM). We also analysis the properties with fluorescence spectra (PL), and Raman spectra. All the results reveal that different morphologies products, such as tower, polyhedron, sphere, generated on differente temperature region.(4) Using formanide and metal gallium as rew material, the catalytic synthesis of graphite–like carbon nitride nanorods was carried out at 200℃. The stuctrues and morphologies of the as–obtained products were inverstigated by X–ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the formation mechanism of the as–obtained products has been proposed. The results prove that the as–obtained products is graphite–like carbon nitride nanorods. There are a few amorphous carbon corfirmed by Raman spectra.(5) A concise conclusion is present. We yet state more efforts need to be exerted.
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