The Ecological Security Evaluation Of Tangshan Coastal Zone Based On Land Use Change

Human activities is profoundly changing the natural environment. Land use is the main form of such a role, and its direct result is the land cover change. Such changes will cause dramatic changes in the ecological environment and pose the threat to the ecological security. Ecological security is an important component of the harmonious society. In many factors impacting the regional ecological security, LUCC is the most important aspect.As the fastest economic growth in the region of Hebei Province, the ecological environment of Tangshan will inevitably be affected. Choosing Tangshan coastal zone as the study area, this paper studied the land use /cover change between 1987 and 2005, the ecological effects and the state of ecological security.Land use changed remarkably during the study years: the number of natural and semi-natural wetlands, woodland and unexploited land reduced, other land use type increased. Among of all the land use types, aquaculture surface of the water growed fastest, in 1987 its ratio was 13.65%, in 2000 was 19%,in 2005 it increased to 22.11%; while natural and semi-natural wetlands reduced fastest, in 1987, 2000 and 2005 its area ratio was 15.69%, 9.26% and 6.41%.The change of land use structure has caused a series of ecological effects: reduction of water volume entering the sea, land and sea pollution was aggravated due to surface source pollution, value of ecosystem services reduced and destruction of ecological security pattern.Land use change led to the ecological environment degradation of the study area and caused the ecological security index fell. Using the indicator system law to evaluate the ecological security, it indicated that the ecological environment quality of the study area was declining during the 1987-2005 years, the ecological safety index was 77.03 in 1987 and it dropped to 30.19 in 2000,while it rose to 39.12 in 2005. It showed that the ecological problems of Tangshan coastal zone was much more serious.Therefore, it is urgent to adjust the land use structure. Experts, the government and the people should actively take measures to protect the ecological environment. The innovations of this paper are the followings: it comprehensively analysed the LUCC of Tangshan coastal zone using the 3S technology, based on which it also analysed the ecological effects arising from the land use change. By establishing a unique indicator system, it evaluated the study area's ecological security.